Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Hĭ́rqwVr

Meaning: wound

North Caucasian: *Hĭrq_wVr

Yenisseian: *qōŕ- (~χ-,-r₁-)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *Hĭrq_wVr

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat, chop, cut, wound

Proto-Nakh: *ħaq-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iq:ʷ- / *q:ʷar-

Proto-Dargwa: *=aIqʷ-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirχ:ʷ[a]

Proto-West Caucasian: *t:-ǝr(ǝ)q:ʷa

Notes: Despite the root's expressive meaning, correspondences are regular (except for the Darg. form, where one should rather expect -q:ʷ-) and the reconstruction seems probable. See Abdokov 1983, 136.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ħaq-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to chop, to mow, to hew 2 to saw

Chechen: ħaq- 1,2

Ingush: ħaq- 2

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=iq:ʷ- / *q:ʷar-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to tear off, break off

Avar: =iq:-

Andian language: q:ab-d-

Akhvakh: q:ʷar-

Chamalal: q:a-d-

Tindi: q:ab-d-

Comments: Stem I is reflected in Avar and in And. r-uq:- 'to skin'; stem II *q:ʷVr-, besides the forms listed above, also in Av. q:ur- 'to pound, crush'. Cf. also Cham. Gig. q:ab- 'to tear off, break off', Tind. (with reduplication) q:abq:- / q:aq:ʷ- id. (like And. q:ab-d-, Tind. q:ab-d-, reflecting a stem *q:ab- ( < *q:ʷa(r)-). The root should be distinguished from a similar root *=iq:Vn- (q.v.) with a nasal conjugation, although they tend to merge (e.g. in Avar dialects). On the other hand, it seems possible to relate here PA *ʔoq:- 'to grind' (as an old Ablaut grade): cf. And. iχʷ-oq:-, Akhv. aq:-, Cham. aq:- (Gig. k-oq:-), Kar. q:or- (Anch. =aq:-). Loss of labialisation may be attributed to early dissimilation after *-o-.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=aIqʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to derange, mess up 2 to beat, hit, wound

Akusha: =aIqʷ=/=iqʷ-(U)

Chiragh: =aIq-/=urqI- 2

Comments: Cf. also the derivate *d-aIqi 'wound' (Ak. daIqi, Chir. daqIa, Ur. daIqi) (note, however, that it can also be derived from PD *=aIq- / =iq- 'to cut, separate').

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirχ:ʷ[a]

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to hit, hew, mow 2 to tear (off)

Lezghian: jaʁi- 1

Tabasaran: č̣-a=ʁI- 2

Agul: č̣-irχʷ- 2

Rutul: keʁ-i=χʷa- 2

Tsakhur: q-o=χ:a- 2

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. č̣a=ʁI-, Ag. Tp. č̣irʁʷa- 'to tear off'. It is hard to separate the Tab. and Ag. forms with the expressive prefix č̣- from Rut. č̣i=χe- 'to tear, break off' (although the correlation between Rut. keʁ-i=χʷa- and č̣-i=χe- is not quite clear).

    The root is expressive, but should be distinguished from PL *č̣iχ:an- 'to scrape, rub' (q.v.), although, of course, some contaminations between them were possible.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *t:-ǝr(ǝ)q:ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wound, scar

Adyghe: tǝrq:ʷa

Kabardian: dǝrq:ʷa

Comments: PAK *t:ǝrq:ʷá. PAK *q:ʷ may have several PWC sources (*qʷ, *q:ʷ, *q̇ʷ etc.).

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *qoʔoŕ- (~χ-,-G-,-r₁-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to heal (of a wound)

Ket: qɔ:ĺ³

Yug: xɔ:^hr / xo:r (Werner 2, 124, 395: χour³, χo:r³)

Comments: ССЕ 264. Cf. also a derivative: Yug xɔra:^hp⁴, pl. xɔrafɨŋ⁵ 'wound'. Werner 2, 124-125 <*qogǝʎ>.

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