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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: syemma
Grammar: n.
Meaning: dream; vision
Derivation: [< syennɨ vt-4 'look'] [?]
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-dercomm,dumet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *sèm (*sèm-mǝŋ)
Meaning: dream
Tulung: sema (aug. for ŋīma dream)
Kaling: semö
Comments: Toba 89 *semö. One can also not exclude *sèn-mǝŋ (see *sènV night).
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: sɛpmaN
Grammar: n.
Meaning: dream
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: se:mɔ:
Grammar: n.
Meaning: dream
Nepali: sapanā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: semmaŋ
Grammar: n.
Meaning: dream.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chĭmH
Meaning: sleep, fall asleep; darkness
Tibetan: gzim fall asleep, to sleep.
Burmese: LB *C-cam cloud
Kachin: (H) niŋcam, ncam heavy fog.
Lushai: thim be dark, benighted, thīm be dull.
Comments: Simon 23; Sh. 136, 143; Coblin 134.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 寢
Modern (Beijing) reading: qǐn
Preclassic Old Chinese: shimʔ
Classic Old Chinese: shím
Western Han Chinese: shjǝ́m
Eastern Han Chinese: shjǝ́m
Early Postclassic Chinese: shjím
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shjím
Late Postclassic Chinese: shjím
Middle Chinese: chjim
English meaning : to lie down, sleep; a closed room or apartment; living quarters
Russian meaning[s]: 1) спать; лежать; спальня; 2) внутренние покои; внутреннее помещение храма предков; 3) останавливать, прекращать; 4) безобразный
Radical: 40
Four-angle index: 6041
Karlgren code: 0661 f-j
Jianchuan Bai: chɛ̃1
Dali Bai: cher1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1805
Character: 寢
MC description : 深開三上寢清
ZIHUI: 1392 2134
Beijing: ćhin 2
Jinan: ćhiẽ 2
Xi'an: ćhiẽ 2
Taiyuan: ćhiŋ 2
Hankou: ćhin 2
Chengdu: ćhin 2
Yangzhou: ćhĩ 2
Suzhou: chin 2
Wenzhou: chaŋ 21
Changsha: chin 2
Shuangfeng: ćhin 2
Nanchang: ćhin 2
Meixian: chim 2
Guangzhou: čham 21
Xiamen: chim 2
Chaozhou: chim 21
Fuzhou: chiŋ 2
Shanghai: chiŋ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: chiǝm 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HV́wsVn
Meaning: to sleep
Comments and references : HGC 22, WFR 136. Some confusion with *ɦ[ć_]winV. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=Vws_Vn
Meaning: to sleep, to dream
Notes: A common NC verb stem with good consonantal correspondences; there is not enough evidence to do a precise vocalic reconstruction.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *-abs- (~-ā-)
Meaning: fall asleep
Chechen: tħ-ows-
Ingush: tħ-ajs-
Comments: For the first part of the compound see PN *tōħ-.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *s:ʷV-
Meaning: doze, slumber
Avar: s:ʷá-d-
Chadakolob: se-n-ƛ̣:é-
Comments: Isolated in Av. (stem 2), but having reliable external parallels. For the 2d part -ƛ̣e- in Chad. see PA *ƛ̣:in-.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *-Vs- (~-s:-)
Meaning: sleep
Khvarshi: ƛ-es-
Comments: Attested only in Khvarsh., but having probable external parallels. For the initial ƛ- see PTs *-ɨ̃ƛ-.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-khv,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=is:Vn-/*=us:(Vn)-
Meaning: to sleep
Akusha: us-es
Chiragh: ke=is:Vn-/=ils:
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =is(n)-/=ils- 'lie down', dur. =us- 'sleep'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔ[a]s(:)ʷɨn-
Meaning: 1 to sleep 2 to lie
Lezghian: k-su- 1
Tsakhur: q:-a=san- 1
Udi: bas-k:es 2
Comment: The Tsakh. word is from the Mishlesh dialect. Cf. also Lezg. pret. k-su-na.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-cak,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *sV ( ~ *šV)
Meaning: to dream, slumber
Abkhaz: a-č̌a-r-sǝ́s-ra
Abaza: čʷa-sǝs-ra
Ubykh: -sa-
Comments: PAT *sǝsǝ ( ~ *śǝśǝ - the Bzyb. form is unknown). In the first part of the compound - PAT *cʷa 'dream' (q.v.); cf. also other compounds in Abkh.: a-χǝ-r-sǝs-ra 'to slumber' (perhaps the non-reduplicated form can be extracted from a-χǝ-r-q̇ʷǝ-s-ra id.). Ub. 1p. s. sǝ-sá-n.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *xus-
Meaning: to sleep
Ket: uśen5 (Kur. uśn5)
Yug: usan5
Kottish: uča, *utča "putting to bed, sleep"; učākŋ, *utčākŋ "to lie down, sleep", praet. učolōkŋ, imp. učālček
Arin: kus (М., Сл., Кл., Срсл.) "to sleep"; (Лоск.) kuspaja "I sleep"
Pumpokol: útu (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "to sleep"
Comments: ССЕ 298-299. Pump. (Срсл.) usan 'sleep' is in reality a Yug form. Werner 2, 359 <*usǝ / *ut'ǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *daŋ
Meaning: sleep
Yasin: daŋ
Hunza: daŋ
Nagar: daŋ
Comments: Kho. daŋ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVNV
Meaning : night, sleep
Reference : ND 2076 (possibly 2 roots). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *zVNV
Meaning: night, sleep
References: Долгопольский 1972, 167. Cf. also PA *ǯi̯ṑŋè 'dream, echo'; PK *zm- 'dream' (?) [see *zVm(ŋ)V]. ND 2076 *śi/üNV(-kV) 'dark, night' (Alt., dub. IE + SH); 2737 *ʒiħNV 'to lie down, sleep' (Kartv. + SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *si̯ono ( ~ z-)
Meaning: night
Russian meaning: ночь
Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *söni
Meaning: night
Russian meaning: ночь
Written Mongolian: söni (L 732) Middle Mongolian: sueni (HY 5, SH), suni (IM), suni (MA) Khalkha: šönö
Buriat: hüni
Kalmuck: sȫ, sȫn
Ordos: söni, sönö
Dongxian: šieni
Baoan: sone
Shary-Yoghur: sȫnǝ
Mogol: süni; ZM sāni (19-7a) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *siŋkē
Meaning: dark night
Russian meaning: темная ночь
Evenki: siŋkē
Even: hiŋku
Negidal: siŋkelten
Orok: sikkew, sikkelte
Udighe: siŋkeu- 'to shine (of full moon)' (Корм. 286) tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ork,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ʒ́in- / *ʒ́il-
Russian meaning: спать
English meaning: to sleep
Georgian: ʒin- 'to sleep', ʒil- 'sleep (n.)'
Megrel: (n)ǯir-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): ложиться, спать
Megrel meaning (Eng.): to go to sleep, to sleep
Laz: ǯin- 'to go to sleep'; (n)ǯir- 'to sleep', ǯir- 'sleep (n.)'
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 238, EWK 489-490. Форму *ʒ́in- Долгопольский (1972, 167) сравнивает с драв. *čin-tV 'ночь, вечер', монг. *söni 'ночь' < ностр. *ʒiNV.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *cint- (??)
Meaning : evening
Notes : A PKG isogloss.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-koga,dravet-notes,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *cint-
Meaning : evening
Kolami : sittenāṭluŋ "in the evening"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : cintevelā
Naikri : śitte
Parji : citta "night"
Number in DED : 2528
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *cinǝɣ-
Meaning: to sleep
Russian meaning: спать
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 80
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *cinǝ̣ɣ- (*cǝ̊niɣ-)
Meaning: to sleep 1, sleep 2
Russian meaning: спать 1, сон 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: sinik- 1, sinŋuziq 'night dress'
SPI Dialects: Imaq sinɨ́qtoq* 1, W sünik* 2
North Alaskan Inupik: sińɨk- 1
NAI Dialects: B sińik* 2, Ingl sinik* 2
Western Canadian Inupik: sinik- 1
WCI Dialects: Cor x́inik* 2, M sinik* 2
Eastern Canadian Inupik: sinik- 1
ECI Dialects: Iti siŋŋatuq 'sleeping pill'
Greenlandic Inupik: siniɣ- 1, siŋŋusiq 'night dress', sinnaʁtuʁ- 'to oversleep', siŋŋanīʁ- 'to surprise in one's sleep', sinik* 2 [Jen.]
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 80, 81
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *wisan- ~ *sawin-
Meaning: sleep, dream
Notes: Cf. Bla Review 507.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-sho,afaset-wrz,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1217
Proto-Semitic: *wVšVn- 1, ~ *ši/un(-at)- 'sleep, dream' 2
Meaning: to sleep 1, ' ~ 'sleep, dream' 2
Akkadian: šittu (<*šintu) 'sleep (n.)' OB, SB [CAD š 3 140], [AHw 1252]; also šuttu (<*šuntu) 'dream (n.)' OA, OB on [CAD š3 405], [AHw 1292-1293]
Eblaitic: si-tum, šit-t-um (sic!) [KB deutsch 1479] (apud Fronzaroli)
Ugaritic: yšn [Aist 137-138], šnt 'Schlaf' [ibid.]
Hebrew: yšn (ḳal) [KB 447], šēnā 'Schlaf' [KB deutsch 997]
Aramaic: BIB suff. šint- 'Schlaf' [KB deutsch 1794], SAMAL šnh do. [HJ 1155]
Judaic Aramaic: šēntā, šēnā, šintā; šǝnā (šäntā) 'sleep' (n.) [Ja 1564], [Sok 560]
Syrian Aramaic: šentā 'somnus' [Brock 789]
Mandaic Aramaic: šinta 'sleep' [DM 462]
Arabic: wsn 'être endormi d'un profond sommeil; être dans son premier somme; sommeiller' [BK 1 1538], sinat-, wasnat-, wasanat- 'envie de dormir, somnolence; sommeil profond; premier somme', wasan- 'sommeil profond' [ibid. 1539]
Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB s1nt 'sleep' [SD 163]
Mehri: šǝnēt 'sleep (n.)' [JM 432]
Jibbali: s̃ónút 'sleep' [JJ 293]
Harsusi: šenēt 'sleep' [JH 124]
Soqotri: šínoh 'heure de la nuit' [LS 419]; míšin 'lieu où l'on dort' [LS 252]
Notes: The verb attested only in UGR, HBR and ARB may be as well a secondary denominal formation from *šin-at- {} *sin-at- 'sleep' occuring in all SEM except ETH. Note, however, GEZ ʔaswana 'to yawn, gape' [LGz 520], with a possible meaning shift (united by Leslau with ʔaswana 'to cause to separate, make dissolve, make urinate' with no obvious semantic connections).
[Fr 38]: *wašin- 'addormentato', *šin-at- 'sonno' (ESA, ARB, SYR, HBR, UGR, AKK); [KB 447]: HBR, AKK, ESA, ARB, SOQ (erroneously quoted as sinoh); [KB deutsch 1497]: HBR, ARM, EBL, AKK, SAB, ARB; [Brock 789]: SYR, HBR, AKK, ARB; [LS 252]: SOQ, MSA, HBR, AKK, ARB, SAB
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-ebl,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: (?) wsn (Gr)
Meaning: 'begatten, erzeugen'
Notes: EG I 359. A meaning shift 'sleep' > 'sleep with a woman' > 'impregnate'?
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *wasin- ~ *sawnin- (cf. 137)
Meaning: 'to sleep' 1, 'to dream' 2
Bolewa: ʔi-súnná 2
Karekare: súunà 2
Kifri=Giwo: súnnà 2
Warji: ussanna 1
Kariya: sǝ́nàsán1
Miya: sǝ́nàsǝ́nò1
Pa'a: assinnu 1
Siri: sunni, swǝ́nì, súnsùní 1
Mburku: sǝn- 1
Guruntum: suni 2
Bokos: sunàt 2
Daffo-Butura: sunan 2
Ngizim: sáunú 2
Notes: [CLR: 108; 298]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-bol,wchet-krk,wchet-krf,wchet-wrj,wchet-kry,wchet-miy,wchet-paa,wchet-sir,wchet-mbu,wchet-grn,wchet-bks,wchet-dfb,wchet-ngz,wchet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *wisan- ~ *si(wa)n- (cf.N 952*sVn-/*sVʔ/wVn- )
Meaning: 'to sleep' 1, 'to dream' 2
Logone: Kotoko wísàn, ʔǝysaŋ 1, súwáné 2 (noun)
Musgu: wẹ́sẹŋ 1 [CLR]
Notes: [CLR 108-9, 299].
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-log,cchet-msg,cchet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *suwan-
Meaning: ' dream' (v.) 1, (n.) 2
Somrai: sǝ́n 1 [CLR:109]
Lele: sōn 1 [Grg]
Kabalai: suwǝ́n 1 [Cp]
Kera: sɔ́ɔné 1 [Eb]
Kwang: so:n-dé 2 [CLR: 109]
Dangla: sóònè 1 [Fd]
Jegu: suun- 1 [CLR]
Mubi: súnɔ̀ 1 [Lk]
Birgit: sóonà 2 [CLR]
Mokilko: sùnìyé 2 [JMkk]
Sokoro: sónisóni 2 [Lk: 48]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-smr,echet-lle,echet-kbl,echet-ker,echet-kwn,echet-dng,echet-jeg,echet-mub,echet-brg,echet-mkk,echet-sok,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *son-
Meaning: 'dream' (n.)
Saho: sonoo
Afar (Danakil): sonoo
Notes: Contraction
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-saho,shoet-afar,shoet-notes,
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Warazi etymology :
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Proto-Warazi: *šann-
Meaning: 'to lie, repose'
Gawwada (Gawata): Dolpena šann-
Dihina: šenn-
wrzet-prnum,wrzet-meaning,wrzet-gaw,wrzet-dob,
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