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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: le:m
Grammar: n.
Meaning: tongue
Nepali: jibhro.
Derivation: [also attested in Sasarkā ]
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-dercomm,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *lèm
Meaning: tongue
Sunwar: lē
Tulung: lem
Kaling: lem
Comments: Toba 98 *lem.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: lɛso:ʔl, -lso:ʔl-
Grammar: n.
Meaning: tongue
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: lem
Grammar: n.
Meaning: tongue
Nepali: jibhro.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: lem
Grammar: n.
Meaning: tongue
Comments: lem hä:ppema lit. to bite the tongue, i.e. kick the bucket.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lēmH
Meaning: chew, have in mouth
Kachin: (H) lem, alem to munch, to chew, as with the gums.
Lushai: lem to swallow, gulp.
Comments: Bahing liam tongue; Khambu, Yakha lem tongue; Kanauri, Thebor lem lick. Ben. 48.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 嘾
Modern (Beijing) reading: dàn
Preclassic Old Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄mʔ
Classic Old Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄́m
Western Han Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄́m
Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄́m
Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́m
Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́m
Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ǝ̄́m
Middle Chinese: dʌ́m
English meaning : keep in mouth
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0646 f
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɫamV
Meaning: tongue, lick
Comments and references : WFR 92, BCD 39. Cf. PEA *-nām 'drink'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ɫamV
Meaning: licking, to lick
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *lam- Notes: An expressive root with an exceptional phonological structure RVRV. The tendency to avoid such root structures probably had led to adding the suffix *-c̣V in the Lak-Darg. area. We can now only guess as to its original meaning: cf. perhaps PNC *=ic̣Ă 'to give, put' (cf. expressions like Rut. miz wɨs 'to lick' = 'to give tongue' etc.). Anyway, it is hard to separate the And. and Lezg. forms (going back to *ɫamV) from Lak-Darg. (going back to *ɫVmc̣V). The front vocalism in PD *lemc̣ could have been conditioned by the influence of PD *mec: 'tongue' (see *mĕlʒ_ĭ). It is interesting that the stem *lemc̣, in its turn, had influenced the root for 'tongue' in PD which gave rise to the coexistence of two stems: *mec: and *lec:mi (*lemc:i) in Dargwa dialects.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *lam-
Meaning: to lick
Andian language: lam-
Chamalal: nan-
Tindi: dan-d-
Karata: lam- (Tok.)
Comments: Cham. (cf. also Gig. nann-) and Tindi have assimilated forms: *lam-d- > *lan-d- > dan-d- / nan-d- (nann-).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: lanc̣a
Meaning: to lick
Lak form: lanc̣a ṭun
Comments: Cf. Khosr. lanc̣a ṭun id. (a compound verb with a nominal component lanc̣a).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *lemc̣
Meaning: to lick
Akusha: limc̣i-ḳes
Chiragh: lemc̣ barq̇ī
Comments: A compound verb (nominal component *lemc̣).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *lam
Meaning: to lick
Archi: lam-(mus)
Udi: lam
Comment: An expressive Archi-Udi isogloss; however, it has good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *lami- / *limi- / *mili-
Meaning: 1 to lick 2 to taste, savor 3 taster, gourmand 4 delicacy, candy
Bizkaian: (Araba) lami-z-tu 2
Gipuzkoan: (Bidania) lami-z-tu 2
High Navarrese: lami-ka-tu 1, lami-ti 3, lami-nurri 4
Low Navarrese: limi-ka-tu 1, (Aldude, Garazi) mili-ka-tu 1, 2
Salazarese: lami-ka-tu, lami-zka-tu 1, lami-ti 3
Lapurdian: mili-ka-tu 1, 2
Baztanese: mili-ka-tu 1, 2, limi-ti 3
Roncalese: lami-ka-tu 1, lami-ti 3, lami-nurri 4
Comments: There could be some influence from Rom. lambere, but the peculiar Bsq formations (*lam- ~ *lim-) and distribution of forms (in Pyrenean and peripheral dialects) could indicate survival of an archaic lexeme.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVMNV
Meaning : to lick, swallow
Amerind (misc.) : ? *nem 'tongue, lick' (R 772) African (misc.) : Bantu *-dámb- 'lick'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *lVm(ŋ)V
Meaning: to swallow
References: ND 1304 *LümV̈gV 'eat, swallow' ( + dub. IE and Arab.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *li̯ŭ̀mo ( ~ ĺ, -e)
Meaning: to swallow, drink
Russian meaning: глотать; пить
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *lümŋe-
Meaning: to swallow
Russian meaning: глотать
Evenki: nimŋe-
Even: ńimŋъ-
Negidal: nimŋe-
Spoken Manchu: nuŋǝmǝ, nuŋumǝ (402)
Literary Manchu: nuŋgi-, nuŋge-
Ulcha: luŋbe-
Orok: numGe-
Nanai: luŋbe-,lumge-
Oroch: ńimme-
Udighe: niŋme-, ńiŋme-
Solon: niŋe-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *nǝm-ku-
Meaning: to swallow
Russian meaning: глотать
Modern Korean: nǝmgu-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *nǝ̀m-
Meaning: drink
Russian meaning: пить
Old Japanese: nom-
Middle Japanese: nòm-
Tokyo: nóm-
Kyoto: nòm-
Kagoshima: nóm-
Nase: nùmj-
Shuri: núm-
Hateruma: nùm-
Yonakuni: nùm-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 150
Proto: *ime-
English meaning: to suck
German meaning: saugen
Finnish: ime- 'saugen'
Estonian: ime-
Khanty (Ostyak): em- (V DN)
Hungarian: em- (altung.) 'saugen', emlő 'Brust, Zitze'
Nenets (Yurak): ńimńe-, ŋaḿā- (O)
Nganasan (Tawgi): ńimiri-
Selkup: ńem- (Ty.)
Kamass: ńimēr-, emēr-
Addenda: Mot. нюмнiямъ 'грудь сосу' ?; Taig. nímu
K. Reshetnikov's notes: Lallwort (Rédei) - not obvious! Alongside with the forms listed in SAMDET 54 (which don't correspond to each other in regard to vocalism - see Notes in the above-mentioned record), we have also an etymological group reflecting Proto-Sam. *n'im- (and *n'im-ǝjr-) 'to suck' (see SAMDET 55), which may be related to Lapp *n'эmэ- 'to suck' (> N njâmmâ-, Not. n'imme-, Ter n'i̊mmi̊-, Kld. n'i̊mme-) and Komi Pm. n'imȧv- 'id.', thus going back to Ur. *n'im- (the Lapp-Komi parallel - without the Proto-Lapp reconstruction - is noted in UEW, and it is correctly kept apart from the Ur. stem 'to suck' having no initial *n'-). This situation is complicated by the circumstance that the North Sam. forms with *n'- (listed by me under Proto-Sam. *n'im-) may, in fact, still belong to Ur. */i/m-, the initial nasal being due to a prothesis regular for North Sam. (let's stress that it is only the North Sam. material that is characterized by such unambiguity). Note the presence of parallel forms apparently presenting two different Proto-Sam. stems - in particular, Kms. emēr- 'to suck' and n'imēr- 'id.'. In UEW, the Sam. reflexes of Ur. */i/m- and *n'im- are erroneously united under *ime-.
Yukaghir parallels: ibi 'saugen; to suck'
References: FUV; SKES; MUSz. 781; EtSz.; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Collinder JukUr. 77
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-khn,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,uralet-reshet,uralet-yuk,uralet-lit,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *nuŋ- (*-n-?)
Meaning : to swallow
Proto-South Dravidian: *nuŋ- Proto-North Dravidian : *nunq- Notes : NDR points to a possible *nun- with a suffixal *-k-; if so, SDR *nuŋ- < *nun-k-.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *nuŋ-
Meaning : to swallow
Tamil : nuŋku (nuŋki-)
Tamil meaning : to swallow, devour, drink in large draughts, take possession of, capture
Tamil derivates : noŋku (noŋki-) to swallow
Kannada : nuŋgu
Kannada meaning : to swallow, devour
Kannada derivates : nuŋguvike, nuŋguha swallowing
Tulu : niŋguni, niŋguḍuni, diŋguni, diŋguḍuni, (B-K also) nuŋgụ
Tulu meaning : to swallow
Miscellaneous : KOR (M) nuṇudu, (O) nunu to swallow
Notes : Irregular reflexation in Tulu.
Number in DED : 3697
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *nuŋ-
Meaning : to gulp
Kota : nuŋg- (nuŋgy-) "to gulp down without chewing"
Toda : nug- (nugy-) "to gulp down"
Number in DED : 3697
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *nunq-
Meaning : to swallow without chewing, gulp hastily, devour
Kurukh : nunUxnā (pass. nunUxrnā)
Malto : nung̣e
Number in DED : 3697
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : nug_h_ushing
Meaning : to swallow, devour, gulp down
Number in DED : 3697
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'nǝmǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): сделать глоток
kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ʁeʒbǝ "
Meaning (Rus.): пай, доля 1, разделять 2, мстить 3, гостинец 4
Chukchee: ʔɛ́jvɛ-ɛj ", ɛjvǝ- 1, ɛjwɛt (АБ) 4
Koryak: ejvet (I) 1, ejvet-ev- 2, ine-hejvǝ- (I) 2
Comments: Ср. чук. ra-jwét- 'собираться кочевать, укладывать груз на нарты', ninɛ́jvǝ- 'увещевать, поучать' (Богораз 100, 126).
chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *'i'-num-
Meaning (Rus.): набрать в рот (воды)
Itelmen: 'i'-num-
Itelmen meaning: набрать в рот (воды)
Number in Volodin 1976: 413
Comments: Пеpвая часть значит 'вода'.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *limag-
Meaning: chew
Western Chadic: Tangale lagme 'taste, touch, try, search'[Jg]
Notes: Cf. GS *lVḳVm- 'munch, swallow': Or liqimsa, luquuma.
afaset-meaning,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 837
Proto-Semitic: *lVmug-
Meaning: 'taste (v.)'
Arabic: lmǯ u,1
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *lig-
Meaning: 'swallow'
Higi Futu: .
Mesme: liga-mo
Banana: ligi-mu
Notes: *lig- with a -mo/u verbal suff.
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hig,cchet-msm,cchet-bnn,cchet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *lagVm-
Meaning: 'eat soft food'
Tumak: lāgǝ̄m ='manger (de la 'boule' avec de la sauce) [Cp], ? ='eat hard food' in [CLR:119]
Kabalai: cf. liyǝ́m [CLR]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-tum,echet-kbl,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *[l]Vm
Meaning: drink
Austroasiatic meaning: lick
Proto-Austronesian: *inem, *inum
Austronesian meaning: drink
Proto-Thai: bla:m.A to open mouth widely while eating; *lum drink
Notes: Here also AN, thai 'water'?
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,austr-notes,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lɛ:m
Meaning: lick
Khmer: bǝble:m
Proto-Khmu: *liam
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kmr,aaet-kmu,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *liemʔ, H-
Meaning: lick
Vietnamese: liếm
Vietnamese meaning: to lick (PH); trém lick one's lips (not in PH)
Muong dialect: liǝm.3
Phong: lɛ:m.4
Arem: ʔiliǝmʔ
Thavung-So: ʔalɛ:m.C.1
Thavung-So meaning: to lick
Thavung: hǝlɛ:m.3
Notes: F-97: *ʔa-lɛ:mʔ
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,vimet-pho,vimet-arem,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-tha,vimet-note,
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