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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *ko(n) (/ʔk-)
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: this
Sunwar: -ko in eko he, it, that; one
Tulung: ko, koŋ one
Limbu: kɔŋ this, khɛŋ he, she, it; that, khunɛʔ he, she, him, her
Dumi: jaḱka
Kulung: khǝ, khuŋkǝ
Yamphu: -go in igo 'this', khom- 'his, her', kho: 'she, he'; -ko in ikko 'one'
Comments: Cf. *g-.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,

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Limbu dictionary :

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Entry: kɔN
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: 1) pro. 2) dem.
Meaning: 1) he, she it (proximal); 2) this.
Comments: 1) cf. khɛN
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,

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Dumi dictionary :

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Entry: yaḱka
Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology
Grammar: a) adv. b) pro.
Meaning: a) 1) straight, level (of a mountain path) 2) over there, beyond, yonder b) (distal, both adnominally and as nominal head) yon, yonder, that over there.
Nepali: 1) terso
Comments: 2) para
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,

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Kulung dictionary :

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Entry: khǝ
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: dem.
Meaning: he, that one (not present)
Nepali: unī.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

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Yamphu dictionary :

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Entry: kho:
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: pron.
Meaning: third person singular, she, he
Comments: kho:säʔ ; khoeʔ ; khweʔ ergative; kho:ji non-singular form, they, kho:jiʔ ; kho:jeʔ ergative.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *k(j)ǝ̆-
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: this, that, he, she
Chinese: *kǝs this, that, *gǝ his, her, their, this.
Tibetan: kho, khoŋ he, she, it.
Burmese: khjaŋʔ his, her, khjaŋh he, she, it.
Lushai: kha-kha that
Kiranti: *ko(n) (/ʔk-)
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: qí jī jì
Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝ kǝ kǝs
Classic Old Chinese:
Western Han Chinese:
Eastern Han Chinese:
Early Postclassic Chinese:
Middle Postclassic Chinese:
Late Postclassic Chinese:
Middle Chinese: gɨ kɨ kɨ̀
Fanqie: 勤移 [a] 吉醫 [b] 紀異 [c]
Rhyme class: 支 [ab] 寘 [c]
English meaning : this; his, her, its, their
Russian meaning[s]: 1) притяжательное местоимение его, их; свой; 2) он, оно, они (обычно в функции подлежащего придаточного предложения); 3) этот, тот; 4) древн. выделяет сказуемое, часто с сильной эмоциональной окраской; 5) совершенно, вполне; 6) разве, неужели, вм. 豈; 7) в будущем, в дальнейшем, вм. 將; 8) или же, либо же, вм. 抑; [jī] древн. конечная модальная частица, подчеркивает вопросительный оттенок предложения
Shuowen gloss: ?
Comments: For initial *g- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Fuzhou ki2, Jianou ki2, kɛ2 (Chaozhou khi2 is secondary). In early inscriptions *gǝ is more frequently used as a modal predicate: "might, will, probably, likely", but it is normally used as a pronoun in Shijing and Shujing. There also exists a variant reading *kǝ-s, MC kɨ̀ (FQ JY 居吏), Mand. jì 'this, that' (occurring rarely, and with not very clear syntactic functions). Finally, there is a reading *kǝ, MC kɨ (FQ 居之), Mand. jī, used as a final prosodic (originally pronominal?) particle - also rather rare.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 12
Four-angle index: 7867
Karlgren code: 0952 a-e
Shijing occurrences: 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 14.2, 14.3, 15.3, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 24.3, 25.1, 27.1, 27.2, 27.4, 28.1, 28.3, 28.4, 30.4, 31.1, 31.3, 32.4, 33.1, 33.2, 34.2, 35.2, 35.3, 35.4, 37.2, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 42.1, 42.2, 44.1, 44.2, 47.2, 47.3, 50.2, 51.2, 54.3, 54.4, 57.1, 58.3, 58.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 489
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 止開三平之群
ZIHUI: 0366 0675
Beijing: ćhi 12
Jinan: ćhi 12
Xi'an: ćhi 12
Taiyuan: ćhi 1
Hankou: ćhi 12
Chengdu: ćhi 12
Yangzhou: ćhi 12
Suzhou: ʒ́i 12
Wenzhou: ʒi_ 12
Changsha: ći 12
Shuangfeng: ʒ́i 12
Nanchang: ćhi 12
Meixian: khi 12
Guangzhou: khei 12
Xiamen: ki 12
Chaozhou: khi 12
Fuzhou: ki 12
Shanghai: ći 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: khi 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *gV
Meaning: that
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *gV
Sino-Tibetan: *k(j)ǝ̆-
Yenisseian: *ka- / *kǝ- (as well as *ki- 393)
Burushaski: *khi-
Comments and references : HGC 36. PY *ka-n- / *ka-m- `below' probably belongs here as well. [Bur. *khi- probably = PY *ki- ~ *gi-]
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *gV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: that (below the speaker)
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *gV-
Proto-Tsezian: *gV
Proto-Lak: ga
Proto-Dargwa: *ʔi-ɣ
Proto-Lezghian: *gi-
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The original spatial meaning of this deictic morpheme is well preserved in most languages. Note the voiced reflexes in all the Eastern Daghestanian languages (an irregular development, restricted to deictic and expressive morphemes).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *gV-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 that (below the speaker) 2 that
Andian language: he-ge-w 1
Akhvakh: hu-gu-we 1
Chamalal: a-žō, u-žō 1
Tindi: a-ǵa-,u-ǵa- 1
Karata: wu-gu-b 1
Botlikh: go-b 2
Comments: This pronominal stem is used independently only in Botlikh (with the neutral meaning 'that'); in other languages it is combined with other pronominal stems and is used for "this, that (below the speaker)". The same root is probably reflected in Akhv. ge-ƛ̣:i 'below (adv.)', ge-ƛ:i 'inside'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *gV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: a demonstrative stem
Ginukh: ha-go
Bezhta: hu-gi,ho-go
Gunzib: ǝ-g, o-gu
Comments: The root *gV is used only for far deixis and only in conjunction with other demonstrative stems. It has lost the original meaning 'that (below)', which is perhaps preserved in some adverbs: Inkh. gi-ʎ 'below; inside', Gin. ge-ʎ / ge-ƛ 'below'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gin,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: ga
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: that (below)
Lak form: ga
Comments: Cf. Khosr. gʷa id. (with secondary labialisation < *gV-wa). Cf. also gi-lu (Khosr. gi-lu) 'there (below)'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *ʔi-ɣ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: that, this (near to the speaker)
Akusha: i-l
Chiragh: iɣ / ī
Comments: In Ak. -l is secondary (probably from obl. cases like dative: Chir. iɣi-la).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *gi-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: that (below)
Tabasaran: k:u-mu
Agul: gi
Archi: gu-du
Comment: In Arch. and Tab. the first vowel is assimilated to the second; for Tab. it is clearly seen in the Dübek dialect, where we have ǯu-mu ( < *ǯi-mu < *gi-mu with palatalisation of *g).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *ka- / *kǝ-
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: demonstrative stem
Ket: kańiĺ ( < kańi:ĺ3) "thence"; kańīŋǝ1 / kańiŋǝ6 "(towards) there"; South. kaśɛŋ, North. kaśáŋ ( < kaśa:ŋ3) "there"; kʌʔ "in that direction, towards that side"
Yug: kā-t "that", ka-da6 "that (f.)"; kań "there"; kańъ:r "thence"; kańɛ:hš́ "(towards) there"; kʌʔ "in that direction, towards that side"
Kottish: hatuŋ "(towards) there"; hātola "look there!"
Arin: xa-tu (Кл.) "he"
Comments: ССЕ 234. Cf. also PY *ki-. Werner 1, 417. Note that the Ket (but not Yug, and not Ket kʌʔ) forms with ka- are corrected to qa- in Werner 2, 80. If this is correct, another stem, *qa- should be also reconstructed, and Kott. ha- and Ar. xa- can in fact go back to both PY roots.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *khi-
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: this
Yasin: khené, khin
Hunza: khiné, khin
Nagar: khiné, khin
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KV
Meaning : demonstrative pronoun
Eurasiatic : *ḳV
Afroasiatic : *kV 'this' (Cush., Omot., Sem., Chad.); here probably also some Cush. and Omot. words for 'one'
Sino-Caucasian : *gV
Austric : PAA *kV / *gV that, Thai khau, kha:
Amerind (misc.) : *ki ~ *ko 'this' (R 745) [+ A K]; *ga(s) 'this' (R 749) [+ A]
African (misc.) : Bantu *-ká 'which'.
Reference : ND 982; GE 85 *ko.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳV
Meaning: this
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *k'e-, *k'ey-
Altaic: *ko ( ~ *k`-)
Uralic: ? *ki ~ *kü 'external, outside'
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ĕk-nǝ-
References: ND 982 *ḳ[ü] 'dem. prn.'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *k'e-, *k'ey-
Meaning: pron. dem.
Hittite: ka-, ke- 'dieser, hic', ki-nun 'jetzt' (Tischler 456 ff, 580)
Armenian: -s Artikel; sa 'dieser', ai-s 's.', a-s-t 'hier'
Old Greek: aeol. kē̂ 'dort'; kẹ̄̂no-, e-kẹ̄̂no-, dor., lesb. kē̂no- 'jener', ekêi̯, Archil. kêi̯ 'dort'; sḗmeron, att. tḗmeron 'heute', sǟ̂tes, att. tē̂tes 'heuer'
Slavic: *sь, *se
Baltic: *či-, *čī̂ f., *če
Germanic: *xēna-, *xōna-; *xei-z, *dat. *ximu, etc.
Latin: ce-do 'gib her'; cēterus 'der andere, der übrige'; hi-c(e), sī-c (sī-ci-ne), illūc, tun-c, nun-c; ecce; cis 'diesseits', citer, citrō, citimus
Other Italic: Osk ce-bnust 'er wird hergekommen sein oder hingekommen sein'; ekask 'hae'; ídík; Osk ekkum 'ebenso'; *e-ko- > Osk ekas 'hae'; Paelign ecic, ecuc; acuf 'hīc', ecuc 'huc', ecic 'hoc'; Marr iafc, esuc, Umbr erek '= Osk ídík', esmik 'huic', Umbr śive 'citra', śimu, s̀imo 'ad citima, retro'
Celtic: OIr cē 'hier, diesseits', cen 'diesseits; ohne', centar 'diesseits'
Albanian: sivjet 'heuer', sot 'heute', sōnde 'heute Abend, heute Nacht'
Russ. meaning: мест. указ.
References: Tischler 456 ff, 580.
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: сей,
Near etymology: сия́, сие́, также в составе слова сего́дня; сию́ мину́ту, днесь, ле́тось, осене́сь, вёснусь, ноче́сь, ни с того́, ни с сего́; укр. сей, ся, се (ся́я ж., се́є ср. р.), др.-русск. сь, си, се, местоим. сии, сиıа, сиıе, также редуплицированное сьсь, сесь (часто с ХIV в.; см. Соболевский, РФВ 64, 158; ЖМНП, 1897, ноябрь, стр. 66), ст.-слав. сь, си, се οὗτος, αὑτός, ὅδε (Супр.), им. п. мн. ч. м. р. сии, преобразованный из стар. основы на -i *sьje (Вайан, RЕS 12, 230), сербохорв. са̑j, си м., са, саj ж., се ср. р. (Лескин, Skr. Gr. 408, 452), словен. sej, др.-чеш. sеn (n от оn); относительно следов в других слав. языках см. Вондрак, Vgl. Gr. 2, 92 и сл.
Further etymology: И.-е. *k̂is, представленное в лит. šìs "этот", ж. šì, лтш. šis, ж. šī, др.-прусск. schis, лит. šì-tas "этот", лат. сis "по эту сторону", citrā "по эту сторону, внутри, под, без", citrō "сюда", гот. himmа "этому", hinа "этого", д.-в.-н. hiutu "сегодня" (из *hiu-tagu), hiuru (*hiu-jâru) "в этом году", греч. ἐ-κεῖ "там", ион. κεῖ, эол. κῆ, фриг. σεμου(ν) "этому", арм. s -- артикль (напр., tēr-s "этот господин"), хетт. kā-, ki- "этот", ирл. сé "этот"; см. Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 322 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 304; Арr. Sprd. 421; Миккола, Ursl. Gr. 3, 18; М.--Э. 4, 18 и сл.; Педерсен, Мuršili 53; Хюбшман 487; Вальде--Гофм. 1, 192 и сл., 222; Торп 87. От приведенных выше слов нужно отделять алб. si-vjét "в этом году", sonde "сегодня ночью", sоt "сегодня", вопреки Г. Майеру (Alb. Wb. 383), Траутману (там же); ср. Педерсен, KZ 36, 336.
Pages: 3,591-592
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *či-, *čī̂ f., *če
Meaning: this
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: šì-s, fem. šì; šìta-s 'dieser, der hier', šè 'siehe da; da, hier'
Lettish: še 'hier'
Old Prussian: stas 'der'; schai 'hier'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *xēna-, *xōnō-; *xei-z, *dat. *ximu, etc.
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: Got himma 'huic', hina 'hunc', usw.
Old Norse: hānn, hann 'er', hōn 'sie'
Dutch: heden 'heute'
Old High German: hiutu, hiuru usw.; hitumum 'erst, demum'
German: hin, her
germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-dutch,germet-ohg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 987
Root: k̂o-, k̂e- (mit Partikel k̂e `hier'), k̂(e)i-, k̂(i)i̯o-
English meaning: this
German meaning: Pronominalstamm `dieser', ursprünglich ich-deiktisch, später auch `jener'
Derivatives: k̂i-na `hinweg'
Material: Arm. -s `Artikel' (z. B. mard-s `der Mensch'), sa `dieser', ai-s ds., a-s-t `hier';

    phryg. σεμου(ν) `diesem' (*k̂em + ōi); anders Pedersen Tochar. 259.

    gr. Partikel *κε in κει̃νος und ἐκει̃νος, dor. lesb. κη̃νος `jener' aus *(ε)κε-ενος; daraus rückgebildet (ἐ)κει̃ `dort', (ἐ)κει̃θι usw.; *k̂i̯o- in σήμερον, att. τήμερον `heute' (*κι̯ᾱμερον), wonach auch *κι̯ᾱετες `heuer' in ση̃τες, att. τη̃τες, dor. σα̃τες;

    lat. -ce, ce-Partikel in ce-do `gib her' (ebenso osk. ce-bnust `er wird hergekommen sein'), cēterus `der andere, der übrige' (*cĕ + *etero-, vgl. umbr. etru `altero'); hi-c (*hi-ce), hīs-ce, sī-c (sī-ci-ne), illī-c, illū-c, tun-c, nun-c usw., osk. ekak `hanc', ekík `hoc' = pälign. eci-c, marr. iaf-c `eas', esu-c `eo'; osk. ídí-k, umbr. ere-k `id', osk. ekas-k `hae', umbr. esmi-k `huic', lat. ecce (wohl aus *ed-ke, s. *e Pron.-St.), osk. um -um erweitert ekk-um `ebenso', nach puz `wie' aus *kʷuti-s umgebildet ekss `ita'; Konglutinat e-ko- z. B. osk. ekas `hae', pälign. acuf `hīc', ecuc `huc', ecic `hoc', *e-k(e)-so- z. B. osk. exac `hac';

    *k̂i- in lat. cis `diesseits', citer `diesseitig', citrō `hierher', citrā `dieseits', citimus `nächstbefindlich', umbr. c̨ive `citra' (St. *k̂i-u̯o-), c̨imu, s̀imo `ad citima, retro';

    air. `hier, diesseits' (*k̂ei, vgl. ablautend Ogom coi `hier', gall. κουι), cen (vgl. zum n-Suffix ahd. hina `weg' usw.) `diesseits' (in cen-alpande `cisalpinus') und `ohne', centar `diesseits'; gall. etic neben eti `auch' könnte ebenfalls -k̂e enthalten;

    anord. hānn, hann `er' (*hānaR, idg. *k̂ēnos aus *k̂e-eno-s), hōn `sie'; asächs. , he, hie, ahd. , her `er', nur Nom., ags. hē̆ ds.;

    got. himma `huic', hina `hunc', hita n. `jetzt', asächs. hiu-diga, ahd. hiu-tu `hoc die, heute' (: asächs. ho-digo ds.), ahd. hiuru (*hiu-jāru) `heuer', nhd. jetzt, österr. hietz(t), mhd.(*h)ie-zuo (aus *hiu + Postpos. `zu'); ahd. hina `weg', nhd. hin, hinweg (vgl. air. cen); got. hiri `komm hierher' (Grundform unsicher); ahd. hëra, as. her `hierher'; got. hēr, ahd. hiar, ags. hēr `hier' (*k̂ēi-r); got. hidrē `hierher', ags. hider, engl. hither `hierher' (: lat.citer, citrō), nl. heden `heute', ahd. hitumum, hitamun `erst, demum' (: lat. citimus);

    strittig, ob hierher: got. hindana `hinter, jenseits', ags. asächs. hindan, ahd. hintana `hinten', anord. handan `von jener Seite her, jenseits', komparativisch got. hindar, ahd.hintar `hinter', superlativisch got. hindumists `hinterster, äußerster', ags. hindema `letzter', wobei das n von *k̂i-n-t-, *k̂o-n-t dasselbe wie in ahd. hina wäre; oder mit gall. Cintugnātos `Erstgeborener', air. cētne, cymr. kyntaf `erster' usw. zu *ken- `frisch kommen, soeben sich einstellen, anfangen' (oben S. 564) mit der Bed. `letzter' = `novissimus'?

    apr. schis (Adverb schai `hier'), lit. šìs (lett. šis = aksl. `dieser'), Gen. lit. šiõ, aksl. sego, Akk. Pl. aksl. sьję, fem. lit. šì (lett. šĩ) = aksl. si, Akk. Sg. f. sьjǫ, lit.šì-tas `dieser' (*k̂i-to-), dazu štaĩ `sieh hier' (alt šitai), apr. stas `der'; lit. šiañdien, lett. šùodien `heute', lit. šè, lett. še `hier', aksl. si-cь `τοιου̃τος' usw.;

    hitt. ki `dieses', ki-nun `jetzt' enthält *k̂i (Pedersen Hitt. 50).

References: WP. I 452 ff., WH. I 192 f., 208 f., 222, 390, 644 f., 855, 862, Trautmann 304, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 613.
Pages: 609-610
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *ko ( ~ *k`-)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: this
Russian meaning: этот
Turkic: *Kö
Mongolian: *kü
Korean: *kɨ
Japanese: *kǝ́-
Comments: EAS 46, Martin 244, АПиПЯЯ 56, 49, 277. The root behaves like *kó'e (with a second front vowel).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kö
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: this
Russian meaning: этот
Sary-Yughur: gu, go
Chuvash: ko, kъv
Salar: ku
Comments: Федотов 1, 300-302, Левитская 32-34. Cf. the OT (Orkh., OUygh., MK) emphatic nominal suffix -oq.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-sjg,turcet-chv,turcet-sal,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kü
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: deictic particle
Russian meaning: указательная частица
Written Mongolian: ene 'exactly this', tere 'exactly that'
Middle Mongolian: -gu (SH)
Khalkha:
Ordos: 'a particle'
Dagur: ke, (Тод. Даг. 148)
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-ord,monget-dag,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *kɨ
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: this, that
Russian meaning: этот, тот
Modern Korean:
Middle Korean: (kɨ̄-i)
Comments: Nam 76, KED 231.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *kǝ́-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 this 2 that
Russian meaning: 1 этот 2 тот
Old Japanese: ko- 1
Middle Japanese: kó- 1; ka- 2
Tokyo: kòre 1; ká-re 'he'
Kyoto: kóré 1; ká-rè 'he'
Kagoshima: kói 1
Nase: kú-Ǹ 1
Shuri: kú-nù 1
Hateruma: kù-nù 1; ka_̀-n_ù 2
Yonakuni: kù-nú 1; kà-nú 2
Comments: JLTT 430, 452. High tone in Tokyo ká-re is not clear (the stem *ka- appears to be a merger of *kǝ́- and *á-).
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1798
Proto: *ki(-mV), *kü(-mV)
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: external, outside
German meaning: das Äußere, mit Kassussuffixen: außen, draußen, aus, hinaus usw.
Komi (Zyrian): (kińći, kińća (S), kińa. (PO) 'außer' - rejected by Redei)
Khanty (Ostyak): küm (V), kim (DN O) 'hinaus, das Äußere', kɔ̈mǝn (V), kȧmǝn (DN O) 'außen'
Mansi (Vogul): kün (TJ), känǝ (KU), kän (P), kona, kon (So.) 'aus, hinaus', kün (TJ), kǟn (KU P), kon (So.) 'draußen'
Hungarian: ki (altung. kivé) 'hinaus, heraus', ki-lenc 'neun', kinn, kint 'draußen', kivül 'draußen, außer'
Addenda: Veps. ka 'that'; -kV- in Sam. *tV-kV- 'that'? - SAS
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-add,

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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ĕknǝ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning (Rus.): иной, чужой
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ǝŋŋ-ine
Proto-Itelmen: *'ek'n- ~ *'e[ŋ]n-
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,

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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *'ǝŋŋ-ine
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): этот, тот чуть поодаль
Chukchee: (ʔ)ǝnŋǝ-, (ʔ)ǝnŋin (I)
Koryak: ǝnŋin(e) (I)
Palan: hǝnŋin(e) (I)
Alutor: ǝnŋin(a)
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,

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Itelmen etymology :

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Proto-Itelmen: *'ek'n- ~ *'e[ŋ]n- E, EA
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): иной, чужой
Itelmen: 'eknen 1
Itelmen meaning: иной, чужой 1, другой 2
West Itelmen: 'ǝknɨn, 'ǝgnɨn 1, 'ǝgǝn 2, 'aknǝ-nkẹ, 'ajnǝ-nkẹ adr. 3
West Itelmen meaning: alius, aliens 1, prater 2, trans, per, in partem, na secessu 3
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): inny, cudzy 1, oprócz 2, przez, za, na bok, na stronę 3
Number in Volodin 1976: 170
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kV
Meaning: that
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *kV / *gV
Austroasiatic meaning: that
Proto-Thai: khau.A another somebody; kha:.A they both
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *kV / *gV
Meaning: that
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: khau.A another somebody; kha:.A they both
Proto-Katuic: *gi / *ki
Proto-Bahnaric: *ko
Khmer: gǝ: < OK ge
Proto-Vietic: *kV
Proto-Monic: *gɔh
Proto-Palaungic: *keʔ
Proto-Khmu: *gi
Proto-Aslian: SML kke
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,aaet-asli,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *gi / *ki
Meaning: this, that
Presyllable: # / ʔǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: *gi
Proto-East Katuic: *ki /*kaj
References: TK17.13
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *gi
Meaning: this, that
Presyllable: #
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Bru Van Keu: ki
Bru Van Keu meaning: there
So: ki.B
So meaning: that; ki: (TL)
Bru: ki:.B
Bru meaning: there,that
Sou: ʔaki:
Kui: kǝj.N VR?
Kui meaning: that, there, over there
Kuay: kʌj.N
Kuay meaning: that
Ngeu: kaj.N
Ngeu meaning: that
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-sou,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic: *ki /*kaj
Meaning: this, that
Presyllable: ʔǝ- /CǝN-
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Pakoh: ʔǝki:
Pakoh meaning: this present time; ŋkeh that (VL)
Ngeq: nkaj
Ngeq meaning: that one
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,

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Bahnar etymology :

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Proto-Bahnaric: *ko
Meaning: this
Presyllable: #
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-North Bahnaric: *ku.T
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-nob,

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North Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ku.T
Meaning: this
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Rengao form: ku.T
Rengao meaning: here, this
Sedang form: ko.T
Sedang meaning: this
Hre form: ko.T
Hre meaning: this
Mo'dra: ko.T
Didra: ko.T
References: PNB-558, GS-264
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-hre,nobet-hreme,nobet-modr,nobet-didr,nobet-refer,

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South Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-South Bahnaric:
Meaning: this
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Chrau form: ko:
Chrau meaning: that which
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: gǝ:
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Old Khmer: ge
Old Khmer Meaning: people, they
References: P138
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,

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Viet-Muong etymology :

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Proto-Viet-Muong: *kV
Meaning: that
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Vietnamese: kia
Tum: ki.21 nɔʔ.45
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-tum,

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Monic etymology :

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Proto-Monic: *gɔh
Meaning: that
Presyllable: #/ʔǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Modern Mon: ʔɨgah
Old Mon: goh
Middle Mon: gah
Nyakur (dial.): TP khɔh.B that
References: N273; S-82
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-mm,monet-onya,monet-bib,

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Palaung-Wa etymology :

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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *keʔ
Meaning: they Pl
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-Wa: *kɛʔ
Proto-Plang: *kɛʔ
Riang: kǝʔ.2
Riang meaning: they
Proto-Angku: *keʔ
Lamet: ke:ʔ.2 they
Danaw: khǝʔ.1 they
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,pawaet-pran,pawaet-lamet,pawaet-danaw,

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Wa etymology :

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Proto-Wa:
Meaning: they Pl
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Paraok: kiʔ
Paraok meaning: they Pl
Wa (dial.): keʔ.1
Wa (dial.) meaning: they Pl
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-gs,prwaet-gsme,

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Plang etymology :

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Proto-Plang: *kɛʔ
Meaning: they Pl
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Bulang: kɛʔ.1
Bulang meaning: they Pl
Konto: kiʔ.1
Konto meaning: they Pl
References: P-216: *kiʔ.1
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-bib,

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Angku etymology :

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Proto-Angku: *ka-
Meaning: they Du
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
U: kaj.4
Hu: kaw.1
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-u,pranet-hu,

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Aslian etymology :

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Proto-Aslian:
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Meaning: that
Semelai: kke
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-sml,

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