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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *Kám-
Meaning: cloud
Sunwar: 'gossu
Tulung: khase
Kaling: köm
Comments: For S -su, T -se cf. also T (aug.) muse cloud. Toba 88 *köm.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: kha:kmiʔl
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cloud
Derivation: [< kha:kmaʔ condense] (?)
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-dercomm,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: kɨ́hɨm
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cloud, mist, fog; air
Nepali: bādal, kuiro.
Derivation: [< kɨ 'water']
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-dercomm,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: khimmiʔma
Stem: <khimʔiʔma>
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cloud, mist, haze.
Nepali: kuiro
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ɣVm(H)
Meaning: dark, shade
Burmese: um, umʔ overcast (of clouds).
Kachin: gjim3 to hide, (H) lǝgjim to conceal.
Lushai: vom black
Comments: Luce 45. Cf. also Miju ka-im 'black', perhaps also Kaike mhyam[=mɔ] id.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 陰
Modern (Beijing) reading: yīn
Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔ(r)ǝm
Classic Old Chinese: ʔ(r)ǝm
Western Han Chinese: ʔ(r)ǝm
Eastern Han Chinese: ʔ(r)ǝm
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔim
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔim
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔim
Middle Chinese: ʔim
English meaning : shade, covered; North slope (of a mountain)
Russian meaning[s]: 1) Инь (женское начало в природе по древней натурфилософии); женский; луна; лунный; отрицательный; слабый; темный; пассивный; 2) пасмурное небо, ненастная погода; тень; теневой; северный склон горы; южный берег реки; 3) оборотная сторона, изнанка; 4) вдавленный; врезанный; 5) закрывать; скрывать, утаивать, прятать; секретный; сокровенный; тайный; молчать; 6) лукавый; злой; черный (замысел); замышлять против (кого-л.); 7) физ. катод, отрицательный полюс; отрицательный; 8) загробный мир; 9) половые органы; 10) Инь (фамилия); [yìn] 1) покровительствовать, вм. 蔭; 2) погребать, хоронить; [ān] древн. шалаш у могилы (где жили во время траура)
Comments: Also read yìn, MC ʔìm, OC *ʔ(r)ǝm-s 'to shelter'. In OC *ʔrǝm is not excluded: if it is so, Viet. râm 'shade, shady' could be an old loan from the same source.
Radical: 170
Four-angle index: 8669
Karlgren code: 0651 y-z
Vietnamese reading: âm
Shijing occurrences: 30.4, 35.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1322
Character: 陰
MC description : 深開三平侵影
ZIHUI: 7113 2141
Beijing: in 11
Jinan: iẽ 11
Xi'an: iẽ 11
Taiyuan: iŋ 1
Hankou: in 11
Chengdu: in 11
Yangzhou: ĩ 11
Suzhou: in 11
Wenzhou: iaŋ 11
Changsha: in 11
Shuangfeng: in 11
Nanchang: in 11
Meixian: jim 11
Guangzhou: jam 11
Xiamen: im 11
Chaozhou: im 11
Fuzhou: iŋ 11
Shanghai: iiŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: iǝm 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χV́[n]HV
Meaning: dark
North Caucasian: PL *χI:an: 'evening', etc.
Comments and references : NSC 53 *χVmHV. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *χoʔn-
Meaning: dark
Ket: qɔnij6
Yug: xɔn-si5 (Werner 2, 107: χɔʔn)
Kottish: hōn "dark", (Бол.) xon-šu "darkly"; Ass. xóna (М., Сл., Кл.), hontu (Кл.) "darkly"
Arin: bonosot-xomšümä (Лоск.) "darkly"
Pumpokol: kónčidin (Сл.) "darkly"
Comments: ССЕ 302. Werner 2, 107 <*qoʔn>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *gau
Meaning: night
Bizkaian: gau
Gipuzkoan: gau
High Navarrese: gau
Low Navarrese: gau
Salazarese: gau
Lapurdian: gau
Baztanese: gau
Aezkoan: gau
Zuberoan: gai
Roncalese: gau, (Uztárroz) gai
Comments: Chirikba (1985) compared Bsq + PLezg. *χI:an: 'evening', etc. Much earlier Uhlenbeck (1924) compared Bsq gau with Tsakhur χIam 'night', along with other unrelated NC words.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVMV
Meaning : dark
Amerind (misc.) : *xama 'night, dark, black' (GE 76)
Reference : NSC 53 *χVmHV, Sag 11 (Chin.-AN); GE 76 *yami. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HamV
Meaning: morning / evening
References: МССНЯ 370, ОСНЯ 1, 260-261; ND 37 *ʔam[o](rV) 'morning, daylight' (with Cush. parallels). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ām-er-
Meaning: day
Armenian: aur `Tag'
Old Greek: hǟ̂mar, gen. hǟ́mat-os, att. hǟmérā `Tag'
Russ. meaning: день
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 72
Root: āmer- (āmōr, āmr̥)
English meaning: day
German meaning: `Tag'
Material: Gr. horn. ἦμαρ, -ατος, att. ἡμέρᾱ (Asper wohl nach ἑσπέρα, Sommer Gr. Ltst. 123), sonst ἀ̄μέρα `Tag' (mit Lenis, daher nicht zu idg. *sem- `Sommer'; Lit. bei Boisacq s. v., wozu Fick KZ. 43, 147); arm. aur `Tag' (aus *āmōr über *amur, *aumr; Meillet Esquisse 55). Zur Stammbildung s. noch J. Schmidt Pl. 195 f., zu ion. μεσᾰμβρίη `Mittag' Boisacq u. μεσημβρίᾱ. Van Windekens (Lexique 80) stellt hierher toch. A omäl, В emalle `heiß', aus idg. *āmel-.
References: WP. I 53, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 305, 481, 518.
Pages: 35
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 673
Proto: *oma
English meaning: old, previous
German meaning: alt, vorig, vorherig
Finnish: (aamu 'Morgen' - rejected by Redei)
Saam (Lapp): oames -bmas-, attr. oabmĕ (N) 'used, worn, old (of things)', ā̊mēs, attr. åpmē 'alt, abgenutzt (von Sachen)', vi̊ømme (T), uøimm (Kld.), uaimm (Not.) 'alt'
Mordovian: umok (E) 'längst, vor Zeiten'
Mari (Cheremis): üma-šte (B) 'im vorigen Jahre' ?
Hungarian: ó 'alt', avar 'das dürre Gras, Laubstreu', avas 'ranzig' ?
Sammalahti's version: FU *oma
Addenda: Karag. umuń 'morgen', Taig. hik-umo 'frühmorgens', hik-umu 'morgen'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣam-
Russian meaning: ночь, вечер
English meaning: night, evening
Georgian: ɣame, saɣamo
Megrel: ɣuma
Megrel meaning (Rus.): вчера вечером
Megrel meaning (Eng.): yesterday evening
Laz: ɣoma(n)
Laz meaning (Rus.): вчера
Laz meaning (Eng.): yesterday
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 200-201, EWK 384. Ср. ПЛ *χ:Iam:- 'вечер, ночь'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *amuГ-
Meaning: mist, cloud, bad visibility
Russian meaning: туман, мгла, облако, плохая видимость
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *amuГ-
Meaning: mist 1, blindness 2, cloud 3
Russian Meaning: туман, мгла 1, плохая видимость, слепота 2, облако 3
Sirenik: amúxtǝqcǝ́χ 'blind'
Chaplino: amúɣnaq (t) 1, 2, amuxɫɨq* 1, amównalʁi* 'blind'
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: amiʁluq 3, amiʁlu- 'cloudy'
Chugach (Birket-Smith): amiʁǝlụq 1, 3
Central Alaskan Yupik: amiʁluq 3, amiʁliʁ-, amiχtu- 'cloudy'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 24
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḥ/hVm- (?)
Meaning: be black
South Cushitic: Maʔa hame 'black'
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-hec,afaset-scu,afaset-dhl,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1400
Proto-Semitic: *ḥam-
Meaning: 'become black'
Arabic: ḥmm a,4
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *h/ḥem-
Meaning: 'be black'
Hadiya (Gudella): heem-
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-had,
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Dahalo etymology :
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Dahalo: himm-at_e
Meaning: 'black'
dhlet-prnum,dhlet-meaning,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *ʔEm
Meaning: dark
Austroasiatic meaning: red
Proto-Austronesian: *qiem
Austronesian meaning: shade, darkness, gloom
Notes: Cf. *hVm.
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-notes,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: jVm
Meaning: red
Proto-Vietic: CHE LS
Proto-Khmu: *jim
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-vim,aaet-kmu,
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Aslian etymology :
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Proto-Aslian: *ʒVŋ
Meaning: foot
Semelai: ʒɔŋ
Semoq Beri: ʒoŋ
Kensiw: cadn
Jahai: can
Jah-Hut: ʒɔŋ
Semai: ʒukŋ
Temiar: ʒuk
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-sml,asliet-ber,asliet-ken,asliet-jhi,asliet-jah,asliet-smi,asliet-tmi,
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