Sino-Tibetan etymology : List with all references

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rēɫ

Meaning: breed, train, bring up

Chinese: 練 *rēns to train; improve by training; 產 *shrēnʔ to breed, bear, produce.

Tibetan: srel (p., f. bsrel) to bring up, to rear, to nurse up, to train.

Comments: Coblin 40.

Chinese characters :

Character: 練

Modern (Beijing) reading: liàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: rēns

Classic Old Chinese: rēnh

Western Han Chinese: rjānh

Eastern Han Chinese: riānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: liḕn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: liḕn

Late Postclassic Chinese: liḕn

Middle Chinese: lìen

English meaning : to boil (silk), to purify silk (by boiling)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вываривать [шелк]; готовый шелк; 2) обучаться; упражняться, практиковаться; натренированный; обученный, квалифицированный; рафинированный; 3) отбирать, выбирать; 4) Лянь (фамилия)

Comments: Already in Shujing a metaphoric meaning ('to purify oneself, to improve oneself') is attested; later the word was widely used in the meaning 'to practise, exercise'. The source of labialisation in Viet. is not clear (there was certainly no labialisation in the Chinese source). For *r- cf. Xiamen lian⁶, Chaozhou, Fuzhou lieŋ⁶, Jianou liŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 5402

Karlgren code: 0185 i

Vietnamese reading: luyện

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Chinese Dialects :

Number: 2043

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 練

MC description : 山開四去霰來

ZIHUI: 4886 1819

Beijing: lian 3

Jinan: liã 3

Xi'an: liã 3

Taiyuan: liɛ 3

Hankou: nian 3

Chengdu: nian 3

Yangzhou: lî̃ 3

Suzhou: lî 32

Wenzhou: li 32

Changsha: niẽ 31

Shuangfeng: nî̃ 32

Nanchang: liɛn 32

Meixian: liɛn 3

Guangzhou: lin 32

Xiamen: lian 32

Chaozhou: lieŋ 32

Fuzhou: lieŋ 32

Shanghai: lî 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: lien 3

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