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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[t]ŭŋ (r-)
Meaning: mound, hill
Tibetan: rduŋ a small mound, hillock.
Burmese: tauŋ hill, mountain.
Kachin: nduŋ2 top, summit.
Lushai: duŋ the top of a range of hills.
Comments: Namsangia ha-tśoŋ. Sh. 437. Cf. also: Burm. tauŋ South, OCh. 東 *tōŋ East, Jnp. gintoŋ1 the morning or evening star.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 冢
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǒng
Preclassic Old Chinese: troŋʔ
Classic Old Chinese: tróŋ
Western Han Chinese: ṭóŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: ṭóŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭóŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭóŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭóŋ
Middle Chinese: ṭö́uŋ
English meaning : be great (Schu.); mound, peak
Russian meaning[s]: 1) могильный курган; могила; 2) старший (в роде); старший сын
Radical: 14
Four-angle index: 5618
Karlgren code: 1218 h-i
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dwīrq̇V
Meaning: bank, mound
Comments and references : Perhaps 2 roots, cf. also Bur. (Yas., according to LDC 28) ḍuq `hill'. Cf. PAN *tuŋtuŋ 'peak, top'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *dwīrq̇V
Meaning: bank, valley, plain
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Basically a Nakh-Darg. isogloss (the Agul form may be borrowed from Darg., see above).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *tāʁV
Meaning: valley
Chechen: tōʁē
Ingush: ataʁe
Comments: 4th class in both languages. Chech. also has a form ātaʁi id. = Ing. ataʁe (reflecting *ʔā-tāʁV with a prefix). Nakh. > Osset. ataɣa 'bank valley' (Abayev 1958, 80).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *dirq̇(a)
Meaning: plain
Akusha: dirq̇
Chiragh: dirq̇a
Comments: Cf. also Ur. dirq̇, Muir., Sirg., Tsud. dirq̇a, Kub. dīq̇a id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *t:irq̇(a)
Meaning: bank, shore
Agul: dirʕ (Tp.)
Comment: The form is cited from Shaumyan; it is isolated in Ag. and may be borrowed from Dargwa (in which case the PL form *t:irq̇(a) does not exist).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *ḍoŋ
Meaning: hill, mound
Yasin: ḍoŋ
Hunza: ḍoŋ
Nagar: ḍoŋ
Comments: Sh. ṭoŋ.
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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