Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *jŭ(k)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: down, descend

Kachin: juʔ³ to descend, go down.

Lushai: zu, zuk downwards, down.

Kiranti: *ju

Comments: Vayu yu; yut (tr.); Bahing yu descend. Ben. 101.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ju

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: down

Sunwar: 'uju

Tulung: -ju down at, down to

Kaling: -mä-jü (for -mä- cf. -mä-tü up) down, under

Limbu: jo down, below

Dumi: jukko

Comments: Cf. *jV(k).

Limbu dictionary :

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: yukko

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: adv.

Meaning: down there

Nepali: ũdho

Comments: cf. thukko.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ǝ̆χV

Meaning: down, bottom

North Caucasian: *=ǝ̆χA

Sino-Tibetan: *jŭ(k)

Basque: *b=ehe

Comments and references : BCD 46.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ǝ̆χA

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bottom, lower part

Proto-Nakh: *=uχ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iχ:V

Proto-Lak: uχ

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔi-χ(ʷ)

Proto-West Caucasian: *χa

Notes: One of the nominal roots with originally changing class prefixes. The labialized vowel reflex in PN and Lak. is probably due to the influence of labialized class prefixes.

    The root should be kept distinct from the synonymous *ʔwăχ_wV q.v.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *=uχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bottom, lower part

Chechen: =uχ

Ingush: =uχ

Batsbi: =uχ

Comments: Obl. base *=uχe (Chech. =üχa-, Ing. =uχo). The root is used only with class prefixes.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=iχ:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 lower part,below 2 bottom, buttock 3 leg 4 foot

Avar: aχ:á-da 1, boχ: 3

Chadakolob: boχ 4

Andian language: beχ:ir-q̇il 2

Chamalal: =eχ:a 1 (Gig.)

Tindi: beχ:i 2

Karata: reχ:i 1

Godoberi: ladi-baχ:u 1

Comments: The prefixless root is present only in Avar. (cf. also aχ:á-ƛ̣: "sediment", Bac. aħi "mountain foot"). Most other languages reflect forms with class prefixation.

    The accent paradigm of Av. boχ: is A or C (pl. bóχ:al/bóχ:dul).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: uχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lower part, base of smth.; stump

Lak form: uχ

Comments: Cf. also buχ- in buχ-lič:a "pelvic bone", buχ-č̣ins:a 'buttock'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔi-χ(ʷ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: that (below the speaker)

Akusha: iχ

Chiragh: iχ

Comments: Cf. also Chir. χ-aʕ id. PD *χʷ is probable because of Ak. χ ( *χ normally yields Ak. h).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *χa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bottom, lower part

Ubykh: χa

Comments: Isolated in Ub., but with probable EC cognates.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *behe < *b=ehe

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ground, floor 2 lower (part), bottom 3 below

Bizkaian: bee, bei, be 1, 2, bee-ra, be-ra 3

Gipuzkoan: be, bei 1, be-ra 3

Low Navarrese: behe-ra, behe-iti 3

Lapurdian: behe-re 1, behe-ra, behe-iti 3

Zuberoan: behe-ra, behe-iti 3

Comments: The PNC word had changing class prefixes (still the case in Chechen, etc.). Bsq lexicalized the form *b=ehe = PNC *w=ǝ̆χA.

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