Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *laH (~ ƛ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: testicles, male

Burmese: lah ungelded, laʔ-uʔ testiculi.

Kachin: la¹ a male.

Kiranti: *la-

Comments: Mat. 184. STEDT 343-344 *la 'male', 361-362 *la 'copulate' (with more Naga, Bodo-Garo, Gurung-Tamang-Thakali and LB forms). Most Kiranti forms, however, are attributed here to a different root *ra ~ wa which is quite shaky, while Limbu ja-rimba is separately compared with Manchati ńja-ri and Tamang ŋja - also quite improbable. Nasalized forms are probably: Mikir ar-leŋ, Trung *laŋ-la 'man'.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ràrV ( < *la-ri?)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: seed, semen

Tulung: la-sa 'semen', bral 'seed'

Kaling: rɔru

Limbu: jārimbā

Dumi: rōrɨ

Kulung: la-ri

Comments: Toba 95 *bralu. Cf. *r[i] 'stalk' (*rà-rV is possibly an assimilation < *la-ri) and Belhare la-lik 'semen, sperm'. In STEDT 344-345 the Limbu form is separately compared with Tamang ŋja 'semen' which is quite impossible. Here perhaps also Kal. lɛhsbe, Dumi lǝncɨp 'man, male' (although the morphological structure is not quite clear).

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: ro:rɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: sperm, seed.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: imma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt-4 [1: ip- 2: ipp- 3: im-]

Meaning: put to bed, put to sleep

Nepali: sutāunu.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʔī́rʎwV

Meaning: male

North Caucasian: *ʔīrʎ_wV ( ~ -ɨ̄-)

Sino-Tibetan: *laH (~ ƛ-)

Yenisseian: *u(ʔ)l-čaŋ ( ~ x-)

Basque: *ar̄

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔīrʎ_wV ( ~ -ɨ̄-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: male

Proto-Nakh: *ʔārʎi

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *-iʎ:V- / *-ixʷV-

Proto-Lak: burxni-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is prefixless in PN (traces of it are also seen in Andian languages), so probably the prefixed variant (with b-) in Av., Akhv. and Lak. is secondary.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ʔārʎi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ungelt 2 ram

Chechen: ēra 1

Ingush: ärh 1

Batsbi: ajrʎ 2

Comments: Cf. also PN *ʔūrʎ > Chech., Ing. urh 'testiculi'. *ʔūrʎ and *ʔārʎi are probably historically parts of one paradigm: direct stem *ʔūrʎ, obl. stem (with regular Ablaut) *ʔārʎi-.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *-iʎ:V- / *-ixʷV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 male 2 husband

Avar: bixín 1

Chadakolob: bixína-b 1

Akhvakh: beʎ:o 1

Tindi: hʷan-heḳʷa 2

Comments: Akhv. -ʎ:- reflects an early variant with delabialisation of *-ʎ:ʷ- > *-ʎ:-, whereas in Av. and Tind. *-ʎ:ʷ- regularly changed to -x- (Tind. hʷ). The root was historically prefixless (cf. the Nakh data), so the Tindi form (hʷan- < *ʔixʷV-n-) is probably the most archaic. Cf. also Av. Chad. bexér (gen. boxró-l) "penis".

    Av. > Gin. bikinaw 'male', Bezht. bikinab 'male', bikinči 'male' ( = Av. bixín-či).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: burxni-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: male

Lak form: burxni-s:a

Comments: Cf. Khosr. burxni-čū id. ( = Av. bixín-či). The syllable-final position of -x- allows for both *-x- and *-x:- in Proto-Laki.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ulča- ( ~ x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: testicles

Ket: ɔ́ĺtǝŋ, (Castr.) uĺtaŋ

Yug: ult́aŋ (Castr.)

Comments: Werner 2, 38, 332. The analysis ɔʔĺ 'hull' + -t- (gen.) + ēŋ 'eggs' (2, 38) is completely folk-etymological because of the attested Yug form with -t́-.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ar̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: male

Bizkaian: ar

Gipuzkoan: ar

High Navarrese: ar

Low Navarrese: ar

Lapurdian: ar

Zuberoan: ar

Roncalese: ar

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