Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lăH (s-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: moon

Tibetan: zla-ba moon.

Burmese: laʔ moon, LB *C-laʔ.

Kachin: šǝta¹ moon.

Lushai: thla moon, KC *S-khla.

Lepcha: lă-vo the moon; a month

Kiranti: *lǝ́

Comments: Garo dźa; Moshang ya-pi; Namsangia da; PG *l(h)à; Rawang sǝla; Trung sǝ¹-la¹ moon; Kadu sǝda; Bunan hla; Mantshati la-tsaŋ; Tsangla laza; Bahing la, Vayu tśolo, Digaro hǝla. Sh. 57, 124, 138, 435; Ben. 42.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *lǝ́

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: moon

Sunwar: 'tas-la

Tulung: khlömu (AS khlomu, but khle) moon, moonlight (? *qǝ̀ light + *lǝ́ moon)

Kaling: 'lö, lölmɔdu

Limbu: lā, lābā moon, month

Kulung: la

Yamphu: la

Comments: Toba 92 *k-lolimadu.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: la:b

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: moon

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: la

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: moon

Nepali: jūn.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: la

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: moon.

Nepali: jūn

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śHVlʔV

Meaning: moon, light

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *śVlʔV ( ~ ś_-,-ɫ-,-ɦ-)

Sino-Tibetan: *lăH (s-)

Burushaski: *halánc

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *śVlʔV ( ~ ś_-,-ɫ-,-ɦ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: light, ray

Proto-Nakh: *sa

Proto-Tsezian: *riš(:)V (~l-,ɨ,u)

Proto-Dargwa: *š:ala

Proto-West Caucasian: *P-sV

Notes: The data are not enough to establish the PNC vocalism. See Абдоков 1983, 166. The root is attested also in HU: cf. Ur. šēl-ardǝ 'moon, moon deity' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 37).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *sa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 light; eye-sight 2 dawn 3 to dawn

Chechen: sa 1

Ingush: sa-χila 3

Batsbi: sa-χiʎno 2

Comments: 3d class in Chech. Obl. base *si- (cf. Chech. si-n, dat. si-na).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *riš(:)V (~l-,ɨ,u)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sun ray

Tsezi: reša (Imnaishvili)

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *š:ala

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: light (n.)

Akusha: šala

Chiragh: š:ala

Comments: Cf. also Ur. šala, Tsud. š:ala id.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *P-sV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to shine

Adyghe: q:ja-psǝ-n

Kabardian: te-psǝ-n

Comments: PAK *psǝ- (only with preverbs); there is also a transitive correlate *psa-.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *halánc

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: moon

Yasin: halánc

Hunza: halánc

Nagar: halánc

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVLV

Meaning : to flash, shine

Eurasiatic : *CVlV

Afroasiatic : Berb. *zVhl- (ND 2729), Ar. zlʕ, ECush. Rn. ǯilaħ (ND 2725), Ar. šʕl- (2795)

Sino-Caucasian : *śHVlʔV

Austric : PAN *qusila 'lightning', *sila 'outpouring of light'; MY *hla^B moon

Amerind (misc.) : ? *cul 'sun' (R 707)

Reference : ND 2719, 2725, 2729.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *CVlV

Meaning: to burn, flash

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ǯi̯ale (+ *zi̯oĺa 'shine, blaze')

Uralic: *śala

Comments: Cf. also *ĆuxLV, *čilV.

References: ND 2719 *ʒ́alV 'flame' (+ Sem.), 2729 *ZaHuĺV 'light, sunshine' (Alt. *zioĺa + ??IE + Sem.); 2795 *ʒ̂uʡLV 'to shine, blaze; flame' (Alt. *nole + Arab. šʕl-...).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ǯi̯ale

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn, flash

Russian meaning: гореть, сверкать

Turkic: *jal-

Mongolian: *ǯali

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯild-

Comments: KW 470. A Western isogloss, but, despite Щербак 1997, 121-122, hardly a loanword in Mong. < Turkic (final -i of the Mong. form is unexplained). The Turkic form, however, due to a merger of *ǯ- and *d- can also reflect PA *dàli 'to roast, burn' (q. v.); cf. especially Kypch. jalgavuč 'frying pan' (ЭСТЯ 4, 13).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jal-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn, blaze 2 flame

Russian meaning: 1 гореть, пылать 2 пламя

Old Turkic: jal- 1 (OUygh.), jalɨn 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jal- 1 (MK), jalɨn 2 (MK)

Turkish: jalɨn 2

Middle Turkic: jalɨn 2 (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jalɨŋ 2 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: jalɨn 2

Turkmen: jalɨn 2

Khakassian: čalɨn 2

Oyrat: jalɨn, d́alɨn 2

Chuvash: śolъm 2

Tuva: čalɨn 2

Kirghiz: ǯalɨn 2

Kazakh: žalɨn 2

Noghai: jalɨn 2

Gagauz: jalɨn 2

Karaim: jalɨn 2

Karakalpak: žalɨn 2

Kumyk: jalɨn 2

Comments: VEWT 181, EDT 918, 929, ЭСТЯ 4, 106-107, Лексика 23, 356-357, 363, Федотов 2, 133-134, TMN 4, 187. Cf. also Kypch. jalgavuč 'frying pan' (ЭСТЯ 4, 13). Turk. *jaltɨr- 'to flash, blazed' (ЭСТЯ 4, 94) > Mong. iltira- id.; *jaltɨrɨm (ЭСТЯ 4, 281) 'lightning' > Mong. jildurum id. (Щербак 1997, 121).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *ǯali

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flame

Russian meaning: пламя

Written Mongolian: ǯali (L 1031)

Khalkha: ʒaĺ

Buriat: zali

Kalmuck: zäĺǝ

Comments: KW 470.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯild-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to glance, be wide open (of eyes) 2 star 3 big-eyed

Russian meaning: 1 уставиться, выпучиться 2 звезда 3 большеглазый

Evenki: ǯildarān-, ǯildarga- 1, (Kamn.) ǯildawkī 2

Even: ǯịldakụ 3

Comments: ТМС 1, 257. The meaning 'star' in the Kamn. dialect of Evenki is clearly secondary ( < 'flash'), so the comparison with OT julduz proposed ibid. is impossible.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 940

Proto: *śala

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: lightning; to glitter

German meaning: Blitz; blitzen

Finnish: salama 'Blitz'

Khanty (Ostyak): pȧj-săt (DN) 'Donnerkeil, Blitz', săl- (V), săt- (Kam.), sŏt- (Ni.) 'zucken, blitzen', sălǝmt- (V), sătǝmt- (DN), sŏtǝmt- (Ni.) 'zucken (Blitz), blizen, aufleuchten'

Mansi (Vogul): sɛ̮̄l- (TJ), sāl- (KU So.), sē̮l- (P) 'blitzen', salna (P) 'Blitz'

Sammalahti's version: *s'i6la-

Addenda: Veps. samaлta- 'blitzen'

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *sila

Meaning: light

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Miao-Yao parallels: *hla^B moon

Proto-Austronesian: *qusila 'lightning', *sila 'outpouring of light'

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