Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛǝ̄̆ŋH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: frame, grating

Chinese: 栚 *Łhǝŋʔ horizontal pieces in a frame for silkworms.

Tibetan: ldaŋ stand, frame, trestle.

Kachin: (H) mǝgraŋ a grating.

Lushai: hlāŋ a support made to keep a corpse in a sitting position; a bier.

Chinese characters :

Character: 栚

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhǝŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: Łhǝ́ŋ

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝ́ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ́ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhɨ́ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhɨ́ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhɨ́ŋ

Middle Chinese: ḍíŋ

English meaning : horizontal pieces in a frame for silkworms

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0893 j

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bV̆rŁVŋḗ

Meaning: stretcher, frame

North Caucasian: *bV̆mŁVrē / *bV̆rŁVmē

Sino-Tibetan: *ƛǝ̄̆ŋH

Comments and references : LV B4.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bV̆mŁVrē / *bV̆rŁVmē

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: funeral stretcher; ladder

Proto-Nakh: *bar(Ł)am

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *mVlV

Proto-Lak: buIrna

Proto-Dargwa: *mik:eri

Proto-Lezghian: *moƛ:or

Proto-Khinalug: moɣuz

Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝ̃la (~-ĺ-)

Notes: The vocalism is hard to reconstruct (since there are no Andian or Tsezian reflexes, while in other languages there's a strong tendency of vowel reduction and assimilation in the first syllable). The form *bV̆rŁVmV is reflected in PN and Lak. (buIrna < *buIrlVma with disappearance of -l- after -r- and assimilation *-m- > -n-; for the semantics cf. an analoguous shift 'ladder, stairs' > 'pillar, support' in the reflexes of PL *morʎ:ol 'stairs, ladder' q.v.; the source of Lak. pharyngealization, however, is not clear). The Av. form malí probably goes back to *malrí < *bV̆mŁVrē (with a simplification of the cluster -lr-).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *bar(Ł)am

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: funeral stretcher

Chechen: baram

Comments: Isolated in Chech. (thus *-rŁ-, *-rʎ- or *-r- are equally possible), but having very probable external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *mVlV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ladder; funeral stretcher

Avar: malí

Chadakolob: milí

Comments: Av. paradigm B (moló-l, malá-l). Since there are no related forms in Andian languages, the reconstruction is rather uncertain; however, the external parallels are quite reliable.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: buIrna

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pillar (of a building)

Lak form: buIrna

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *mik:eri

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ladder

Chiragh: mič:ire

Comments: Cf. also Kait. mik:eri id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *moƛ:or

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ladder 2 funeral stretcher

Lezghian: gur-ar 1

Rutul: mɨɣɨr 2

Tsakhur: mɨɣɨr 1 (Mishl.)

Kryz: mɨɣɨr 1

Budukh: jumur 1

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Nüt. ɣur-ar 'ladder'. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. The syllable *mo- in Lezg. has regularly disappeared. In Bud. there occurred a metathesis (jumur < *mujur). The word probably meant originally 'wooden frame-like structure' (cf. also the external evidence).

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝ̃la (~-ĺ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ladder 2 funeral stretcher

Abaza: čʷǝ-mla 1

Adyghe: pχā-bLa 2

Kabardian: pχā-bLa 2

Comments: The Abaz. form goes back to *cʷǝ-mǝla, where cʷǝ- is probably the PAT verb root *cʷǝ 'to plane' ("planed ladder"). PAK *bLa (with *pχa- 'wood'; cf. also Kab. qā-bLa id. with *qa 'grave'). The Adygh compound *pχa-bLa was also borrowed in Ub. pχabLa.

    The root has absolutely nothing to do with *bLa 'arm' or *bLa- 'to plait' (see Shagirov 2,20).

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