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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛăw
Meaning: play, joke
Burmese: khjaw to joke, jest.
Kachin: (H) šǝtu to joke, to jest.
Lushai: tloʔ to play or play at (a game).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ōƛĔ
Meaning: to laugh
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ōƛĔ
Meaning: to laugh
Notes: Correspondences are regular (labialisation in PWC *ʎ́ʷV, as in some other verbal stems, probably reflects an original class marker), and the EC-WC parallel seems satisfactory. See Абдоков 1983, 163.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=ēl-
Meaning: to laugh
Chechen: =ēl-
Ingush: =el-
Batsbi: =el-
Comments: Bacb. Desh., Kad. =el-.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iƛ- ( ~ -ʎ-)
Meaning: to laugh
Avar: =eʎ-
Chadakolob: =et-aqn-
Andian language: =eʎ:-
Karata: =eʎ-
Godoberi: =eʎ-
Comments: Tense -ʎ:- in Andian (MSU recording) is most probably a misspelling (=eʎ- would be expected).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʎ:e-
Meaning: to laugh
Ginukh: ʎe-žā-
Bezhta: ʎō-dah- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: ʎeʔ-
Comments: PGB *ʎe- (originally a compound with some laryngeal second part; cf. also Bezht. Khosh. ʎowā- id.). The Gin. form contains an expressive suffix.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gin,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ʎ́ʷV-č́V / *č́Vʎ́ʷV
Meaning: to laugh
Abkhaz: á-č́č́a-ra
Abaza: qǝ-č́č́a-ra
Adyghe: š́xǝ-n
Kabardian: daħa-šxǝ-n
Ubykh: šʷač́á-
Comments: PAT *č́č́a- (assimilated < *š(ǝ)č́a-); PAK *č́xǝ-; Ub. sǝ-šʷač́á-n. Shagirov (2,149) justly criticizes Klimov (1967, 304) for comparing PAT *č́č́a- with PAK *š́ǝš́ǝ- 'to neigh', and follows Abdokov (1973, 24) in comparing PAT *č́č́a- and PAK *č́xǝ-; he also adds the Ubykh form, but only its second part (-č́a) - see Shagirov 2, 149. Since PAK *č́ = Ub. č́ and PAK *x = Ub. šʷ, it seems very probable to compare the words in whole (assuming a metathesis in one of the subgroups). The PAT form *č́č́a can be easily explained as a result of assimilation < *šǝč́a (where *š < *ʎ́ʷ and *č́ < *č́). Therefore the commonly accepted comparison of Abkh. -č́č́a- with PK *cc- 'to laugh' (Charaya 1912, 48, Shagirov ibid etc.) seems rather superficial. If PWC *ʎ́ʷV-č́V- (*č́V-ʎ́ʷV) is a compound verb, only its component *č́V can be compared with Kartvelian (we should add that both forms are probably onomatopeic in origin); the component *ʎ́ʷV is certainly related to EC forms meaning 'to laugh'.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVHV
Meaning : laugh, joy
Amerind (misc.) : *loʔu (R 554) [+ A] African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *ƛ̊u(ʔ)ŋ "play". globet-meaning,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,
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