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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kɨ̄̆w (~ g-; -t)
Meaning: dig out
Tibetan: rko (p. (b)rkos, f. brko, i. rkos) to dig, dig out; to engrave, rkod dig, dig out.
Burmese: kaw to lift out of place, prize up, as with a lever.
Kachin: got2 to dig, dǝgot3 to scoop up, (H) lǝkhot scoop up.
Comments: Simon 17; Ben. 101; Gong 46.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 掘
Modern (Beijing) reading: jué
Preclassic Old Chinese: gʷat
Classic Old Chinese: gwat
Western Han Chinese: gwat
Eastern Han Chinese: gwat
Early Postclassic Chinese: gwat
Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwǝt
Late Postclassic Chinese: gwǝt
Middle Chinese: gwǝt
English meaning : to dig through
Russian meaning[s]: 1) рыть, копать; 2) возвышаться, см. 崛
Comments: Also read *gut, MC güt id. For *g cf. Xiamen kut8, Chaozhou, Fuzhou kuk8.
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 1018
Karlgren code: 0496 n,s
Vietnamese reading: quật
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1168
Character: 掘
MC description : 山合三入月群
ZIHUI: 2228 0384
Beijing: ćye 12
Jinan: ćye 12
Xi'an: ćye 12
Taiyuan: ćyǝʔ 42
Hankou: ćye 12
Chengdu: chu 12; ćhyo 12; ćye 12
Yangzhou: ćyǝʔ 4
Suzhou: ʒ́yôʔ 42
Wenzhou: ʒ́y 42
Changsha: ćye 4
Shuangfeng: tuɛ 12
Nanchang: ćyɔt 41
Meixian: khut 42
Guangzhou: kuat 42
Xiamen: kut 42
Chaozhou: kuk 42
Fuzhou: kuʔ 42
Shanghai: ćioʔ 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HárxqwV
Meaning: to dig
Comments and references : HGC 37, NSC 57 *-xqVwV (somewhat differently, see also *HrēḳwV́). sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=Harq_wV
Meaning: to dig
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. In Nakh languages the root *=āq(q)- 'to pull out' has also a meaning 'to dig out' and thus may reflect a merger of two roots: PEC *Harq_wV 'dig' and *Hiq_V(r) 'take, pull out' (q.v.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=aq:ʷ- ( ~ -o-)
Meaning: to dig
Avar: =uq:-
Chadakolob: =oq-
Akhvakh: =aq:ʷ- /=aq:un-
Chamalal: =aq:ʷVn-
Tindi: =aq:ʷĩ-
Karata: =aq:ʷan-
Comments: -n-conjugation in several languages must be secondary (cf. the variation in Akhvakh, and the nasalless conjugation in all Avar dialects).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=Vχ:ʷ-
Meaning: to dig
Tsezi: χʷa-ƛ- (Radzhibov)
Khvarshi: =uχ-
Gunzib: ɔχ-d-
Comments: PTsKh *=uχʷ-; the PTs vocalism is not clear.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: =iχ:a-
Meaning: to dig
Lak form: =iχ:a-n
Comments: G. pr. =i=χ:u-n; cf. Khosr. =iχ:ʷa-n id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=irq:ʷ- / *ʔiq:-
Meaning: to dig
Akusha: iq:-es
Chiragh: =irq:ʷ- / =iq:-
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔIarqIʷɨ
Meaning: to dig
Tabasaran: u=qI-
Agul: urqi- (Bursh.)
Rutul: a=qIʷa-
Archi: jā=χIa-
Comment: Cf. Arch. dur. jārχIu-r. Strong conjugation class in PL. See Талибов 1980, 305.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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