Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *k(r)ǝ̆j ( ~ g-, q-, G-; -s)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near, close

Chinese: 幾 *kǝj be near, close, imminent.

Tibetan: ãkhris near, close.

Comments: Peiros-Starostin 216. Cf. also OCh. 近 *g_ǝrʔ be near, *g_ǝrʔ-s come near to, keep close to. Cf. rather scattered Austric forms: Thai kǝ:j 'to overlap', Khmer pǝŋkaǝj 'very near, close', Viet. kề 'near, approach' - probably all of Chinese origin.

Chinese characters :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦĭgVrV́

Meaning: near

North Caucasian: *ɦĭgVrV

Sino-Tibetan: *k(r)ǝ̆j ( ~ g-, q-, G-; -s)

Yenisseian: *ʔɨkVl ( ~ -x-, -r)

Basque: *hur̄-

Comments and references : WFR 2.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦĭgVrV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Proto-Nakh: *garge

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *HVgVr-

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔǝgV (~-ɨ-)

Proto-Lak: l-ag-ma

Proto-West Caucasian: *gʷa (~*ǵʷ-,*k:ʷ-)

Notes: The PN form is reduplicated. PTs *ʔǝgV- reflects *ʔVrgV < *ɦĭgVrV- with a typical adjectival reduction and metathesis of -r-. The second vowel is unclear (labialisation in PWC may reflect a labialised vowel or a former class affix).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *garge

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Chechen: gerga

Ingush: garga

Batsbi: garg(eħ)

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *HVgVr-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Avar: ʕagára-b

Comments: Kar. Tok. ʕagaru-b 'near' is probably borrowed from Av.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔǝgV (~-ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Tsezi: igo

Ginukh: igo

Khvarshi: agol

Inkhokvari: oge

Comments: PTsKh *ʔǝgV (the reason for -i- instead of -e- in Gin. is not clear).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: l-ag-ma

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: around, in the vicinity

Lak form: lag-ma

Comments: In Lak., l- is a common verbal prefix, and the same root should be probably found in laga-n (p. pr. la=gu-n) 'to go, walk' (used usually as the preterite stem for ha-n) < *'to go around'.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *gʷa (~*ǵʷ-,*k:ʷ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Abkhaz: ā́jgʷa

Abaza: argʷa-nǝ

Comments: PAT *ajǝ-gʷa / *arǝ-gʷa (with pronominal or reflexive prefixation; in Abaz. cf. also ajgʷa 'friend'). The Abkh. form ājgʷa goes back to *ʕa-ajǝ-gʷa with an additional locative prefix.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔɨkVl ( ~ -x-, -r)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: close to, near

Ket: ɨ̄ĺ, ɨĺ-ga, ɨĺ-ka, iĺ-ga (Werner 1, 358, 2, 434)

Yug: ɨgl (ibid.)

Comments: Werner 2, 434-435 <*ɨ̀gǝ́l>.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *hur̄-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 near, close 2 next

Bizkaian: ur, urre, urren 1, urra 2

Gipuzkoan: urren 1

High Navarrese: urbil 1

Low Navarrese: hurren, hurbil, (Garazi) hurran 1

Salazarese: urran 1

Lapurdian: hurbil 1, hurko 2

Baztanese: urran, urren 1

Zuberoan: hüllan 1

Roncalese: ullan 1

Comments: Eastern /huĺan/ by expressive palatalization, like /hoĺi/ for *hori 'yellow'.

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