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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Ke(j)
Meaning: bear, give birth
Tibetan: skje (p. skjes) to be born, skjed (p. bskjed) to generate, produce, skjed growth, increase etc., skjes man, male person.
Burmese: kjah man; LB: Akha cì to give birth.
Kachin: git3 be reborn.
Lepcha: gjek to bring forth, to give birth to; to be born, to be generated, to be created (life)
Comments: STEDT 153-154 *s-kye-k 'born, give birth' (adding also Bahing gi-gi, kik-, but not listing Lepcha or Jingpo; note that Thul. kǝks- is separately compared with Tangkhul khak 'breath, life' under *kak ~ *gak 'life, born' in STEDT 155-156 which is hardly plausible).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *gi(k) (/ʔk-)
Meaning: to give birth, be born
Sunwar: 'gī-ca
Tulung: kǝks- 'give birth', gǝks- 'be born'
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=HixqwV̄́
Meaning: to bear, be born
Comments and references : HGC 38. sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=HiqwĀ(n)
Meaning: to bear, give birth
Notes: The nasal conjugation, preserved in PA and PD, was for some unclear reason lost in PL; it is, however, undoubtedly old, cf. also the HU data: Hurr. χan- 'to give birth, bear' (compared in Diakonoff-Starostin 1986 with PEC *G_Hŏnɨ 'pregnant', but rather belonging here). The EC-WC comparison (first proposed by Mészáros 1934, 377) seems quite plausible (however, Megr. skua 'child' has of course nothing to do with it - see Shagirov 1, 231). Bouda's (1950, 294) comparison of the WC forms with Georg. meq̇wisi, moq̇wasi 'relative, near one' is much worse both phonetically and semantically. See also Abdokov 1983, 86 (Lezg. χʷa : WC; we should note, however, that other Lezg. forms cited by Abdokov go back to PEC *dwirχE q.v.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=aqVn ( ~ -o-,-χ-)
Meaning: to give birth, bear
Godoberi: =aχĩ
Comments: Attested only in God., but having probable external parallels.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: l-aI=qa-
Meaning: to be born, arise
Lak form: laI=qa-n
Comments: G. pr. laI=qunu. Cf. perhaps also qana-n (the durative stem of xu-n 'to be, become').
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ħaqVn- ( ~ ʕ-)
Meaning: to give birth, bear
Chiragh: ʕaqIVn- /ʕaIlq-
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiχʷa-
Meaning: to give birth, bear
Lezghian: χa-
Tabasaran: χ-
Agul: uχ-
Rutul: hu=χʷa-
Tsakhur: =uχa-
Kryz: χuj-
Budukh: χo=su
Udi: biχ-sun
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. χa-na, imp. ruχuχ (with reduplication), Ag. Bursh. ruχa-s, Kryz. dur. ruχ-ri, imp. s-äχɨr. Different Ablaut grades are attested: *ʔiχʷa- in Ud. b-iχ-, with loss of *ʔi- in Lezg. χa-, Tab. χ-uz etc.; *ʔäχʷV- in Kryz. s=äχɨ-r; *ʔoχʷa- (originally probably a plural form - "to give birth (to many)") in most other forms. An old derivate *ʔiχʷa-j > *χʷaj (a participial form) is reflected in Ud. χoj 'descendants', Lezg. χʷa, pl. r-uχʷa-jar (Khl. χʷa, r-uχʷa-jar) 'son'.
See Гигинейшвили 1977, 127.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:ʷa ( ~ qʷ-)
Meaning: son
Adyghe: q:ʷa
Kabardian: q:ʷa
Ubykh: qʷa
Comments: PAK *q:ʷa; Ub. def. á-qʷa. Dumézil 1932, 124-125 compares also Abkh. *ʕʷǝ 'man', which we prefer to relate to Ub. ʁʷa 'self' (see WC *ʁʷV). See Shagirov 1, 231.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *kej- (~ q-, g-)
Meaning: to bear, be born
Ket: sīja-tāx (Кастр.) "he is born", pret. sīja-tonāx; (Донн.) sjēge-tak "he is born" (Werner 2, 192: śi-ɣa-tɔnɔqś 'er ist geboren', śi-ɣi-tɔnɔqś 'sie ist geboren', Sur. śi-g-bataq)
Yug: si-g-ba-ta:hx (Werner 2, 192)
Kottish: agejaŋ "to bear", pret. anagejaŋ, imp. anei; šigei "bearing"; igejaŋ "to be born", pret. anigejaŋ, imp. anigej
Comments: ССЕ 236. Pump. (Срсл.) sietak "Geburt" is in reality a Ket form. The Ket verb is complex: its first component sīja- / sjēge- / si-g- = Kott. ši-gei. The Kott. paradigm, however, does not leave any doubt that the root is -gej- (not šig-), so the proposed reconstruction *sik in Werner 2, 192 is faulty.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-́k
Meaning: children
Hunza: -́k
Nagar: -́k
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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