Sino-Tibetan etymology : List with all references

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋŏŋ / *ŋŏk

Meaning: foolish, deaf

Kachin: ŋok² be foolish.

Lushai: ŋoŋ (ŋon) be deaf; slow of understanding.

Comments: Cf. Austric: PAN *beŋaŋ, -ŋaŋ 'disconcert, confuse', *Renek 'silent, taciturn', PAA *ŋVŋ 'dumb', *ŋVk 'stupid'

Chinese characters :

Character: 頑

Modern (Beijing) reading: wán

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋrōn

Classic Old Chinese: ŋrwān

Western Han Chinese: ŋrwān

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋrwān

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋwạ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋwạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋwạ̄n

Middle Chinese: ŋwạn

English meaning : be stupid, foolish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) упорствовать; упрямый, упорный; непослушный; 2) тупой; глупый; 3) жадный; 4) играть, вм. 玩

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen guan², Chaozhou ŋueŋ², Fuzhou ŋuaŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8123

Karlgren code: 0257 g

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Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1772

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 頑

MC description : 山合二平刪疑

ZIHUI: 7316 1982

Beijing: uan 12

Jinan: uã 12

Xi'an: uã 12

Taiyuan: vä̃ 1

Hankou: uan 12

Chengdu: uan 12

Yangzhou: uɛ̃ 12

Suzhou: ɦuö 12

Wenzhou: va 12

Changsha: õ 12

Shuangfeng: uã 12

Nanchang: uan 31

Meixian: ŋuan 12

Guangzhou: uān 12

Xiamen: guan 12

Chaozhou: ŋueŋ 12

Fuzhou: ŋuaŋ 12

Shanghai: ue_ 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: uan 12

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