Sino-Tibetan etymology : List with all references

Character: 強

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ghaŋ

Western Han Chinese: ghaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ghaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghaŋ

Middle Chinese: gaŋ

English meaning : be strong

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сильный, мощный, здоровый; усиливать; оздоровлять; 2) насиловать; насильственно; силой; 3) стараться; напрягаться, приналечь на...; 4) грубый, дерзкий; упрямый; упорный; 5) быть сильнее; быть лучше; превосходить; 6) больший; с лишним, с излишком; с плюсом; больше; 7) Цян (фамилия); [qiǎng] 1) заставлять, принуждать; 2) через силу, насильно, силком; необоснованный; [jiàng] самовольно; вопреки всему

Comments: The character 強 was originally used for *ghaŋ 'name of an insect: рисовый долгоносик (вредитель)' (thus in Shuowen and Erya), while *ghaŋ 'strong' was written as **. Already in L.Chou 強 is used for *ghaŋ 'to be strong', as well as for a related word *ghaŋʔ 'to make efforts, force; effort' (MC gáŋ, Mand. qiǎng). Regular Sino-Viet. reflexes are: cu'ò'ng ( < *gaŋ), cu'õ'ng ( < *gaŋʔ). For *gh cf. Xiamen khiɔŋ², Chaozhou khiaŋ², Longdu khiuŋ², Jianou khiɔŋ³ (with unclear tone reflex).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 57

Four-angle index: 8729

Karlgren code: 0713 a-b

Vietnamese reading: gu'ọ'ng

Number: 1154

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 強

MC description : 宕開三平陽群

ZIHUI: 1730 2339

Beijing: ćhiaŋ 12

Jinan: ćhiaŋ 12

Xi'an: ćhiaŋ 12

Taiyuan: ćhia_̃ 1

Hankou: ćhiaŋ 12

Chengdu: ćhiaŋ 12

Yangzhou: ćhiaŋ 12

Suzhou: ʒ́iaŋ 12

Wenzhou: ʒ́i 12

Changsha: ćian 12

Shuangfeng: ʒ́iaŋ 12

Nanchang: ćhiɔŋ 12

Meixian: khiɔŋ 12

Guangzhou: khö_ŋ 12

Xiamen: khiɔŋ 12

Chaozhou: khiaŋ 12

Fuzhou: kyɔŋ 12

Shanghai: ćiã 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: khiaŋ 12

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Chinese characters :

Chinese Dialects :