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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chēŋ
Kachin: gǝciŋ1 be fresh, green.
Comments: BG: Garo thaŋ live, gathaŋ green, Dimasa gathaŋ alive, unripe; Kanauri śöŋ; Rawang mǝśiŋ green (color); Karen *SVŋ, Manipuri asaŋ-ba, Rengma ke-šin 'green'. Probably distinct (although confusable with) *chreŋ q.v. stibet-prnum,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 青
Modern (Beijing) reading: qīng
Preclassic Old Chinese: shēŋ
Classic Old Chinese: shēŋ
Western Han Chinese: shēŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: shiēŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ
Middle Chinese: chieŋ
English meaning : be blue, green
Russian meaning[s]: 1) темный; синий; голубой; зеленый; черный; 2) белок (яйца); кожа (бамбука); 3) бледный; нездоровый; 4) молодой; молодежь; 5) цветущий; весенний; 6) сокр. провинция Цинхай, Кукунор; г. Циндао; г. Цинчжоу; 7) 9-у число (в телеграммах); 8) Цин (фамилия)
Comments: Also used for *cēŋ, MC cieŋ (FQ JY 子丁), Pek. jīŋ 'be luxuriant, bushy'. The root resembles 生 OC *shreŋ < PST *chriaŋ 'fresh; green'; however, the latter is probably a derivate of *chăr 'fresh', and 青 may have a quite different origin. OC *cēŋ 'luxuriant, bushy' is a variant of 菁 *ceŋ id. q.v.
Radical: 174
Four-angle index: 3602
Karlgren code: 0812 |c ́-d ́
Go-on: siyau
Kan-on: sei
Japanese reading: sei;shō;aoi
Vietnamese reading: xanh
Jianchuan Bai: ćhɛ̃4
Bijiang Bai: ćhã2, ćhã4
Shijing occurrences: 55.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 672
Character: 青
MC description : 梗開四平青清
ZIHUI: 7230 2579
Beijing: ćhiŋ 11
Jinan: ćhiŋ 11
Xi'an: ćhiŋ 11
Taiyuan: ćhiŋ 1
Hankou: ćhin 11
Chengdu: ćhin 11
Yangzhou: ćhĩ 11
Suzhou: chin 11
Wenzhou: cheŋ 11
Changsha: chin 11
Shuangfeng: ćhin 11 (lit.); ćhiõ 11
Nanchang: ćhin 11 (lit.); ćhiaŋ 11
Meixian: chiaŋ 11
Guangzhou: čhîŋ 11
Xiamen: chîŋ 11 (lit.); chĩ 11
Chaozhou: chẽ 11
Fuzhou: chiŋ 11 (lit.); chiaŋ 11
Shanghai: chiŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: chiǝŋ 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śVŋV́
Meaning: blue, green
Comments and references : HGC 19, WFR 76. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *śīnV
Meaning: blue, green
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The Khin. word is somewhat dubious (it may belong here only if sɨb < *sɨn-Vb with an old class suffix), but the Nakh-Darg. correspondence is quite satisfactory.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-darg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *sēn-i(n)
Meaning: blue
Chechen: sīna
Ingush: sīna
Batsbi: sejnĭ, sīnĭ
Comments: Cf. also Cheb. sjēni 'blue'. The pure root is preserved in Chech. sen-dan 'to make blue', Bacb. sen-dalar 'to become blue'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *š:iniš(:)-
Meaning: green
Akusha: šiniša
Chiragh: š:inišze
Comments: Cf. also Kait., Kharb. šiniš-.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: sɨ-b
North Caucasian etymology: 626
Meaning: green
Khinalug form: sɨb
Comments: External data apparently indicate that -b is a historical suffix (sɨ-b < *sɨn-b).
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *son-
Meaning: blue, green
Ket: śon (Кастр.), Kell. śon-ś (Werner 2, 221 śʌń-)
Kottish: šueŋa (Бол.) "bluely" (or "it is blue")
Comments: ССЕ 276. Werner 2, 221, 442 <*sʌj / *sʌn>, with a lot of confusion. Kott šueŋa "blue" is identified with Kott. šujaŋa (Bol) "grey", although the latter is certainly a form of the word recorded by Castren as šui "yellow" and as such is to be compared with Pump. tul-si "yellow" and Ket sulemam "yellow" (М., Сл.). In PY we can safely distinguish between *son- (perhaps *sǝn-) 'blue, green', *suŕ 'yellow, grey' and *sur "red, blood", while lumping them together under a pseudoprotoform *sʌj / *sʌn hardly brings us anywhere.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *diŋ
Meaning: green
Hunza: diŋ
Nagar: diŋ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVNV
Meaning : blue
African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *ʒa̯N- "blue, green". globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-afr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *swVNV
Meaning: blue
Comments: Cf. also PA *si̯ăŋe(rV) ( ~ z-); PEsk *cuŋa-.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-notes,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *šā̀ŋu
Meaning: clear, light
Russian meaning: ясный, светлый
Comments: Mong. has also *čaji- / *čeji- 'be white, whitish', associated in the modern language rather with *čaga-ɣan 'white' (see *šā̀k`a), but phonetically rather going back to *čaŋi- < *šaŋu. Despite Rozycki 193, the TM forms are hardly borrowed < Mong. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *čAŋ
Meaning: 1 morning dawn 2 mist
Russian meaning: 1 утренняя заря 2 туман, мгла
Karakhanid: čaŋ ( ~ čäŋ) (ЛОК) 1
Turkish: čen 2 (dial.) (?)
Uighur: čaŋ 2 (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: čän, dial. čaŋ 2
Khakassian: saŋmarax 'марево'
Chuvash: śan-/śavъn-talъk 'weather, climate' (Федотов 2 84-85; the second part = Tat. täwlek 'day, 24 hours') Bashkir: šaŋdaq 'glow in the sky (from celestial phenomena or from fire)', dial. saŋɣärt 'марево'
Comments: ДТС 139, Лексика 35, 36. A somewhat dubious root. The words meaning 'mist' may go back to a separate root, PT *čeŋ 'dust'. Other forms (including the late OT one) can be < Mong., but semantics is rather against assuming such a loan. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *čaŋ
Meaning: 1 whitish, blond, grey (of hair) 2 white colour
Russian meaning: 1 беловатый, седой 2 белый цвет
Written Mongolian: čaŋkir , čeŋkir 1, čaŋ 'hoar-frost' (L 164) Khalkha: caŋ 'hoar-frost'
Buriat: sanxir 1
Kalmuck: caŋ 2
Ordos: čaŋ 'hoar-frost'
Comments: KW 421. Mong. čeŋkir > Yak. ǯeŋke, Dolg. ǯeŋke, d́eŋke 'clear, transparent' (see Kaɫ. IV 88, Stachowski 78). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *šā(ŋ)-
Meaning: white, become white
Russian meaning: белый, белеть
Spoken Manchu: š́aŋan (2426)
Literary Manchu: šaŋǵan, ša-li-bu-
Jurchen: ĉaŋ-gian (619)
Ulcha: ča-m, ča-lịn-
Nanai: čā-m, čā-lā bi
Oroch: čā-m
Udighe: ča-m bie, ča-li-gi
Comments: ТМС 2, 380-382 (confused with *šāk- q. v. sub *šā̀k`a). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *sùm-
Meaning: to become clear, limpid
Russian meaning: быть чистым, прозрачным
Old Japanese: sum-
Middle Japanese: sùm-
Tokyo: súm-
Kyoto: súm-
Kagoshima: sùm-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1574
Proto: *sine
English meaning: blue
German meaning: Blau; blau
Finnish: sini (gen. sinen) 'blaue Farbe, Blau, Bläue', sininen 'blau'
Estonian: sini (gen. sini) 'Bläue, blaue Farbe', sinine (gen. sinise) 'blau'
Mordovian: seń, säń (E), śeńem (M) 'blau'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,
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