Sino-Tibetan etymology : List with all references

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Pjɨ̆k (~ w-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cattle

Chinese: 富 *pǝks rich, wealth.

Tibetan: phjug cattle; rich; dbjig wealth, riches.

Comments: Simon 11; Coblin 158-159.

Chinese characters :

Character: 富

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: puks

Classic Old Chinese: puh

Western Han Chinese: pǝwh

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: pìw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̀w

Middle Chinese: pǝ̀w

English meaning : be rich, wealth

Russian meaning[s]: 1) богатство; богатый; обильный; зажиточный; сокр. уст. кулак; 2) урожайный, щедрый (о земле); 3) в расцвете (лет); в зрелом возрасте; 4) обогатить, сделать богатым; озолотить; 5) Фу (фамилия)

Comments: Cf. 福.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 40

Four-angle index: 1734

Karlgren code: 0933 r

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Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1366

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 富

MC description : 流開三去宥非

ZIHUI: 1381 0786

Beijing: fu 3

Jinan: fu 3

Xi'an: fu 3

Taiyuan: fu 3

Hankou: fu 3

Chengdu: fu 3

Yangzhou: fu 3

Suzhou: fu 31

Wenzhou: fo_y 31

Changsha: fu 31

Shuangfeng: xǝu 31

Nanchang: фu 31

Meixian: fu 3

Guangzhou: fu 31

Xiamen: hu 31 (lit.); pu 31

Chaozhou: pu 31

Fuzhou: xu 31

Shanghai: fu 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: fu 3

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bhä̆ƛ̣wĭ́ (~ -ĕ)

Meaning: cattle

North Caucasian: *bhä̆ƛ̣wĭ (~ -ĕ)

Sino-Tibetan: *Pjɨ̆k (~ w-)

Burushaski: *bélis

Basque: *bil-doć

Comments and references : LV A4.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bhä̆ƛ̣wĭ (~ -ĕ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small cattle

Proto-Nakh: *bɦoḳ́

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *biƛ̣u-rV

Proto-Tsezian: *biƛ̣ B

Proto-Lezghian: *p:äIƛ̣ (~ -a-,-ḳ-)

Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝŁ́ʷa

Notes: The PA form has a suffixed -rV (probably originally plural), commonly present in many animal names. Correspondences are regular (except for the assimilative voicing in PWC).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *bɦoḳ́

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: he-goat

Chechen: bož

Ingush: bož, boǯ

Batsbi: bʕoḳ

Comments: Cf. also Shar., Khild. bwog, Lev. bwož. The old obl. stem must have been *bɦaḳ́i- (cf. Ing. bežo); Chech. boža- is a more recent analogical building.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *biƛ̣u-rV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 kid 2 he-goat (not gelt) 3 deer

Avar: burúṭ 1

Chadakolob: burúṭ 1

Andian language: belir 3

Chamalal: beʔa 2

Tindi: bera 2

Bagvalal: bēro 2

Comments: The And. meaning ('deer') is probably an innovation, since in all other languages (also outside Avaro-Andian) the root denotes only domestic animals. Av. paradigm C (burṭí-l, búrṭa-l; but Chad. pl. burṭá-l). Cf. also Av. Keg. bullul, Kuyad. bulʔur pointing unambiguously to *ƛ̣; And. Mun. beƛ̣iri 'deer'; Cham. Gig. bera. The Cham., Tind. and Bagv. form go back to an intermediate form *biʔira or *biʔra with an early loss of the lateral component before the following -r-. Tind. > Inkh. bera 'ungelt he-goat'.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *biƛ̣ B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sheep 2 sheep (coll.) 3 small cattle

Tsezi: beƛ̣ 2

Ginukh: beƛ̣ 1

Khvarshi: beƛ̣ 2

Inkhokvari: bɨƛ̣ 3

Bezhta: biƛ̣ 1

Gunzib: biƛ̣ 1

Comments: PGB *biƛ̣, PTsKh *bɨƛ̣. In PTsKh the word has normally a collective meaning (only in Gin. it is used (in genitive) to denote a single sheep. For a single sheep there existed in PTsKh a derivate *bɨƛ̣-ʁu (Tsez. beƛ̣ʁu, Gin. beƛ̣ʁu, Inkh. bɨƛ̣ʁu, Khv. beƛ̣q̇u), where -ʁu goes back to PTs *ʁo(r) 'ram, sheep' q.v. There exists in PTs another stem, which is probably an old Ablaut variant of the same: PTs *bɔƛ̣e B > PTsKh *böƛ̣e (Tsez. miƛ̣i /with secondary nasalisation/, Inkh. beƛ̣e 'a gelt ram'); Gunz. bɔƛ̣e 'sheep-flock'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *p:äIƛ̣ (~ -a-,-ḳ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sheep-flock 2 ram

Tsakhur: baIḳi 1

Archi: baIḳ 2

Comment: Since only Tsakh. and Arch. forms are present, it is impossible to distinguish between reflexes of PL *ƛ̣ and *ḳ; external evidence speaks strongly in favour of *ƛ̣. The Tsakh. form reflects a suffixed *p:äIƛ̣-Vj.

The Tsakh. word also resembles Bezht. Tlad. bäḳi, Gunz. bɔḳi 'sheep-flock; sheep-fold' which are certainly borrowed from Georg. baḳi 'sheep-fold'; in Tsakh. the form baIḳi may also be influenced by Georgian, although phonetically it is quite genuine (cf. the pharyngealisation which does not exist in loanwords).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝŁ́ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a flock of sheep or goats

Adyghe: -bɣa

Kabardian: -bža

Comments: PAK *-bŁa present only in the compound *χʷǝ-bŁá (see *χʷǝ). PAK -Ł- can only go back to PWC *-Ł́ʷ-.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *bélis

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: a ewe that has already given birth

Yasin: béles

Hunza: bélis

Nagar: bélis

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *bil-oć

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lamb (that has begun to feed itself)

Bizkaian: bildots

Gipuzkoan: bildots

High Navarrese: bildots

Low Navarrese: bildots

Lapurdian: bildots

Zuberoan: bildots

Roncalese: bildots

Comments: BNV bilos-tegi ‘sheep-fold’ and BZK billos-narru ‘lamb’s hide’ indicate earlier *biloć, which could have been altered to *bildoć after *ordoć ‘boar’ (q.v.), or the like. Analysis is then *bil-oć (cf. Bur. *bél-is ‘ewe’), with *-l- (stem-final reflex) rather than the usual intervocalic reflex *-rd-.