Sino-Tibetan etymology : List with all references

Character: 忍

Modern (Beijing) reading: rěn

Preclassic Old Chinese: nǝrʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nǝ́n

Western Han Chinese: nǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: ńǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńin

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńin

Middle Chinese: ńín

English meaning : be unfeeling, callous, unscrupulous

Russian meaning[s]: 1) терпеть, быть терпеливым; сносить; 2) сдерживать (смех, слезы); обуздывать; 3) упорный, настойчивый; 4) бесчеловечный, жестокий; 5) как стерпеть?; не стерпеть; нестерпимый; 6) уйти с головой в...; 7) прилечь, заснуть прислонившись к (кому-л., чему-л.)

Comments: A somewhat later attested meaning is ('to be handled unscrupulously' > ) 'to forbear from, to bear, suffer'. Standard Sino-Viet. is nhẫn. For *n cf. Xiamen ʒim³ (with quite irregular -m; also read lun³), Chaozhou zim³, Fuzhou üŋ³, Jianou nɛiŋ³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8443

Karlgren code: 0456 c

Vietnamese reading: nhịn

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Chinese Dialects :

Number: 391

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 忍

MC description : 臻開三上軫日

ZIHUI: 1804 2084

Beijing: ẓǝn 2

Jinan: ẓẽ 2

Xi'an: ẓẽ 2

Taiyuan: zǝŋ 2

Hankou: nǝn 2

Chengdu: zǝn 2

Yangzhou: lǝn 2

Suzhou: zǝn 32

Wenzhou: ńiaŋ 22

Changsha: ẓǝn 2

Shuangfeng: in 2

Nanchang: lan 2

Meixian: ńiun 11

Guangzhou: jan 22

Xiamen: lun 2 (lit.); ʒim 2

Chaozhou: zim 21

Fuzhou: yŋ 2

Shanghai: zǝŋ 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: žiǝn 2

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Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *när

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: to abstain, fast

Limbu: naʔmaʔ

Yamphu: neʔma

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: naʔmaʔ, -naʔr-/-naʔ-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: 1) vt. 2) vi.vt.

Meaning: 1) abandon someone or something, neglect someone or something; 2) abstain from, not eat something

Comments: 1) kundzumille naʔru His friend abandoned him; cf. lɛʔmaʔ 2)\x sa kɛnaʔi:? Do you not eat meat?; tɔk kɛdzɔi: kɛnaʔ- i:? Are you going to eat or aren't you?; kɛnaʔrubai:? - naʔruNba Aren't you going to eat it? - I will abstain; cf. nɛpmaʔ.