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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nŭ
Meaning: soft, young
Burmese: ǝnuʔ, nuh be soft, nuʔ be young, tender, delicate. LB *nux; hnuh to soften.
Kachin: (H) nu be soft, tender, slack, as a rope; no2 be soft, as a blade.
Lushai: nô the young of animals, birds etc.; young, soft, tender, KC *-no.
Comments: Rawang nu. Sh. 408; Ben. 63; Coblin 136. Cf. also: Kanauri nyūg, Miji mu-gu-niw, Manipuri anou-ba 'new'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 柔
Modern (Beijing) reading: róu
Preclassic Old Chinese: nu
Classic Old Chinese: nu
Western Han Chinese: nǝw
Eastern Han Chinese: ńǝw
Early Postclassic Chinese: ńiw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńǝw
Late Postclassic Chinese: ńǝw
Middle Chinese: ńǝw
English meaning : be soft, gentle
Russian meaning[s]: 1) мягкий; слабый; нежный; уступчивый; размягчать; размачивать; 2) разморить; 3) умиротворить; 4) четный
Comments: For *n cf. Xiamen ʒiu2, Fuzhou iu2, Chaozhou ziu2.
Radical: 75
Four-angle index: 5226
Karlgren code: 1105 a
Vietnamese reading: nhu
Shijing occurrences: 57.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 768
Character: 柔
MC description : 流開三平尤日
ZIHUI: 2677 1551
Beijing: ẓou 12
Jinan: ẓou 12
Xi'an: ẓou 12
Taiyuan: zou 1
Hankou: nou 12
Chengdu: zǝu 11
Yangzhou: lôɨ 12
Suzhou: zöy 12
Wenzhou: ɦiu 12
Changsha: iôu 12
Shuangfeng: iû 12
Nanchang: lɛu 31
Meixian: jiu 12
Guangzhou: jau 12
Xiamen: ʒiu 12
Chaozhou: ziu 12
Fuzhou: ieu 12
Shanghai: zô 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: žiou 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *ní- // *nú- (?)
Meaning: new
Sunwar: 'nāk
Tulung: nuḍa (AS nöḍa)
Kaling: 'nin freshness, newness
Comments: The final is quite unclear.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: nus
Grammar: adv.
Meaning: soon, early.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *hV̆nV́
Meaning: now
Comments and references : HGC 35. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *h[ä]nV
Meaning: now
Proto-West Caucasian: *nǝ- Notes: A common NC temporal adverb. We must note that in most subgroups the root can be followed by some kind of affricate (although the affricates do not correspond to each other regularly). The root is also attested in HU: Hurr. χennǝ, Ur. χenǝ 'now' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 32).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *hin-ca / *hin-ʒa
Meaning: now
Chechen: hinca
Ingush: hanz
Batsbi: inc
Comments: Cf. also Lev., Shar., Khild. hinca id.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *hin-čV
Meaning: today
Gunzib: hinčo-d
Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *han-
Meaning: now
Akusha: hanna
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *hin-
Meaning: now
Agul: hin-c
Comment: Cf. perhaps also Ud. hajsa ( < *hani-sa), Tab. hamus (restructured on analogy with hamu 'this') 'now'.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝ-
Meaning: today
Adyghe: ne-pa
Kabardian: no-ba
Comments: PAK *nǝ-jap:a / *nǝ-wap:a. The element *nǝ- is present in several compounds: Kab. nǝ-ǯǝ 'now', na-ʁā-ba 'last year'; Ad. nǝ-č́apa, Kab. nǝ-žaba 'tonight, this night', Kab. nǝ-šadiba 'this morning', Ad. nǝ-pč́ħāpa, Kab. nǝ-śħaba 'this evening', Ad. ne-wǝš́ 'tomorrow' (see Shagirov 1, 276, 283, 288-289). The original meaning is 'now', 'this (time)', as seen both from the compounds and from the external evidence.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔen
Meaning: now
Ket: ēn
Yug: en
Kottish: eaŋa
Arin: iŋni (М., Сл., Кл.) "today"
Pumpokol: eń (Срсл.) "now" (the form can also be Yug)
Comments: ССЕ 187. Kott. eaŋa < *ʔen-ŋa. The Ablaut form *ʔan- is contained in compounds: Yug. an-es5,6 'morning' ('now' + 'God, sky'), an-bɔksɨ5 'tomorrow' = Ket. anɔkś 5,6 (for th second component see *pVk-). Werner 1, 35, 36, 272 *en.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *hona
Meaning: 1 here, hither 2 now 3 here (it is), voicì, behold!
Bizkaian: ona 1, 2, 3
Gipuzkoan: ona 3
High Navarrese: unat 1
Low Navarrese: huna 1, 3, hunat 1
Lapurdian: huna 1, 3, hunat 1
Zuberoan: huna 1, 3
Comments: These words are obviously derived from the demonstrative *ho- (q.v.), with the similar extension in *-n- common to Bsq and NC.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVWV
Meaning : now; new
Afroasiatic : *ʔVnVw- 'be new; child' (Berb., Omot.)
Austric : *ne 'now' (R 519) [+ K]
Notes : Cf. *NVHV.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *nVwV
Meaning: now; new
References: ОСНЯ 2, 97; ND 1537 *n̄ü.(E) ~ *n̄üw(E) 'now', 1573 *n̄Ew(y)V 'new', 1541 *n̄ükV 'now'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *nū
Meaning: now
Hittite: nu 'nun; und' (Friedrich 152)
Tokharian: A nuṃ, nunak, B nano, nänok (PT *nuno, -kä) 'again, even' (Adams 330); A nu, B no (PT *nū) 'however, but' (Adams 347)
Old Indian: nū, nu `now'; nū́tana- `new, recent', nūnám `now, at present'
Avestan: nū 'nun'; nūrǝm, nūrąm 'jetzt, nun'
Other Iranian: OPers nūra 'jetzt, nun'
Old Greek: part. nü, nün encl., adv. `nun', adv. nǖ̂n `jetzt'
Latin: num `nun noch, nun jetz'; nunc `jetzt, nun'
Russ. meaning: сейчас, ныне
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: бейзехалеймус
Near etymology: "несчастье", зап. Из еврейско-нем. bejse chalejmes "дурные сны", по Винеру (ЖСт., 1895, 1, 60).
Pages: 1,146
vasmer-general,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *nū, *nu
Meaning: now
Lithuanian: nù, nū̃ `nun, jetzt, heute', nūnái, nūnaĩ `id.'
Lettish: nu, nù2 `nun'
Old Prussian: tei-nu `nun', esteinu `von nun an'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *nu, *nū; *nu-x
Meaning: now
Gothic: nu `now'; nɔh `still, yet, for a while'
Old Norse: nū `nun jetzt'
Norwegian: no
Danish: nu
Old English: nū `now, at this time', conj. `now, since, when'
English: now
Old Frisian: nu; noch
Old Saxon: nu; noh
Middle Dutch: nū; noch
Dutch: nu; nog
Old Franconian: nu
Old High German: nu, nū; noh
Middle High German: nu, nū; nun, nūn
German: nu, nun; noch
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1394
Root: nū̆-
English meaning: now
German meaning: `nun' und ähnliche Formen
Derivatives: nū-no- `jetzig'
Material: Ai. nú, nū́, av. nū `nun', ai. nū́tana- `jetzig, jung, neu', nūnám `jetzt, nun' (wie lit. nūnaĩ, aksl. nyně wohl adv. erstarrter Kasus eines Adj. *nū-no- `jetzig'), av. nūrǝm, nūrąm, ap. nūram ds. (nach āparǝm `künftig' gebildet?); gr. νυ̃, νῠ̄ν, νυ̃ν `jetzt' (letztere wohl aus *nū̆-m =) lat. num `nun noch, noch jetzt', dann Stütze für Fragen, etiamnum `noch immer', nunc `jetzt, nun' (*num-ce) = hitt. ki-nun ds., nū-per `neulich, vor kurzem; vor Zeiten', woneben nu- noch in nu-diūs tertius `*nun ist der dritte Tag' (über air. nu-, no-, mcymr. neu Verbal-Partikel, s. unter ne `nicht'); got. nu (nū?), aisl. ahd. ags. nū̆ `jetzt, nun', mhd. nhd. nū̆, erst seit spätmhd. Zeit auch nū̆n; lit. nù, lett. nu `nun', apr. in tei-nu `nunmehr', lit. nūnaĩ `nun' (s. oben); abg. nъ `aber', nyně `nun' (s. oben); toch. А nu В no enkl. `aber, denn'; hitt. nu (satzeinleitende Partikel); ki-nun `jetzt', nū-wa `noch', nu-kwit `numquid'; got. naúh `noch', afries. noch, as. ahd. noh Adverb `noch, auch jetzt' aus *nu-kʷe; über die Konjunktion `(weder - ) noch' s. oben S. 757 unter ne1. Idg. nū̆ ist wohl Tiefstufe zu neu̯o- `neu', vgl. ai. nūtane- `jetzig' und `neu', gr. νέον τι `eben, neulich', ahd. niwes (adv. Gen.), lit. naujaĩ `frisch, neulich'.
References: WP. II 340, WH. II 186 ff., Trautmann 201.
Pages: 770
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *nébì
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Comments: SKE 172, АПиПЯЯ 110, 279. Turkic has a vowel metathesis: *jub-ga < *jab-gu. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jub-ga
Meaning: bastard, adopted son
Russian meaning: внебрачный, приемный сын
Karakhanid: juvɣa (MK, KB) Comments: EDT 874, VEWT 209 (erroneously united with juvqa 'soft, weak'). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *niɣu-n
Meaning: child, boy
Russian meaning: ребенок, мальчик
Written Mongolian: niɣun, nuɣun (L 580) Middle Mongolian: no'un (HY 29), nu'u(n) (SH) Khalkha: nugan, nugūn ( < WMong.)
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-dag,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *nebi
Meaning: 1 new, fresh 2 younger (brother, sister) 3 wife's brother's wife
Russian meaning: 1 новый, свежий 2 младший (брат, сестра) 3 невестка (жена брата жены)
Even: neji 1, nȫ 2
Literary Manchu: neje 3, neče 3
Ulcha: neu 2
Orok: new, neu 2
Nanai: neil 2 (plur.)
Comments: ТМС 1, 616, 617-618, 626. Cf. also *nē 'now' (ТМС 1, 614). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *nǝ̄-
Meaning: younger relative (in compounds)
Russian meaning: младший родственник (в сложениях)
Modern Korean: nǝ̄- [nǝ̄-s-] 'younger brother' (in compounds)
Middle Korean: nǝ-s-harmi 'wife of grandfather's younger brother'
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *nípí-
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Old Japanese: nipji-
Middle Japanese: nífí-
Tokyo: nìi-
Kyoto: níí-
Kagoshima: ní-ke
Nase: mī́-
Shuri: mī́-
Hateruma: nɨ̄̀-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1444
Proto: *nikV (*nükV)
English meaning: present; now, already
German meaning: gegenwärtig; jetz, schon
Finnish: nyky- 'gegenwärtig', tätä nykyä 'gegenwärtig, vorläufig', dial. nyt, ny, nyy 'jetzt, nun'
Estonian: nüüd, dial. nüü 'jetzt'
Mordovian: ńej (E), ńi (M) 'jetzt, nun; schon'
Udmurt (Votyak): ni (S J), ńi (G) 'schon; mehr, nunmehr, weiter'
Komi (Zyrian): ńin, nin (S), ni̮n (Peč.), ńi (P) 'schon, bereits, (nicht) mehr'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *nu-ta-
Meaning: new, young
Russian meaning: новый, молодой
Comments: Cf. *nuka- 'younger sibling'. Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 242
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *nuta-
Meaning: new 1, just now, right now 2
Russian Meaning: новый 1, теперь, вот сейчас 2
Sirenik: nutǝ́ʁǝcǝ́χ, nutaʁraχ [Vakh.] 1
Chaplino: nutáʁaq (t) 1, nutān 2
Naukan: nutáʁinʁaq 1, nután 2
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nuta[ʁ]aq 1, nutān 2
Chugach (Birket-Smith): nutāq 1, nuttan 2
Central Alaskan Yupik: nutaʁaq 1, nutān 2
Nunivak (Peripheral): nutaʁaq* 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 242
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nuta-
Meaning: new 1, young person 2
Russian meaning: новый 1, молодой 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: nutāq 1, nutaʁaq 2
SPI Dialects: Imaq nutáq* 1, W nutāq* (āk, āt) 1
North Alaskan Inupik: nutāq 1, nutaʁaq 2
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl nutāq* 1
Western Canadian Inupik: nutāq 1, nutaʁaq 'infant'
WCI Dialects: Cor, M nutāq* 1
Eastern Canadian Inupik: nutāq 1
ECI Dialects: Lab nutagak* 'infant', NBI, SB, Iti nutaʁaq 'infant'
Greenlandic Inupik: nutāq (nutâq*) 1, nutaʁaq 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 242, 243
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ŋin-
Meaning (Rus.): новорожденный, молодой
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ŋin- Comments: См. ПК *ne'n- 'новый, теперь, сразу' (1392).
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,kamet-comments,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ŋin-
Meaning (Rus.): молодой, младший 1, мальчик, ребенок 2, молодой, небольшой 1, дешевый, малый (о цене) 3, новорожденный теленок 4, полого уходящий вверх 5
Chukchee: ŋín-, ŋín-cʔɛ-n 1, ŋín-qɛj 2, ŋenca-cákǝɣet 'младшая сестра', ~ ŋen-etǝ va-lʔǝ-n 5
Koryak: ŋin-, niŋ- 1, niŋ-vil- 3
Palan: ŋin-qaj-ujuĺhu pl. 4
Alutor: ŋiń-viĺ- 3
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *ŋin-: *'ini-ŋin-
Meaning (Rus.): новорожденный, подросток, побег
West Itelmen: 'inɨ-nɨn-zin 3, 'inǝ-gin-ksu-zin 4
West Itelmen meaning: nunc, statim 1, novus 2, nascens 3, planta 4
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): teraz, zaraz 1, nowy 2, rodzący się, rosnący 3, latorośl 4
Comments: Использование Дыбовским буквы "ы" = [ɨ] рядом с "н" = [n] и альтернация с "г" = [g, ɣ] указывают на велярный характер носового.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-comments,
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