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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rĕ
Meaning: rope
Tibetan: dres a k. of grass of which ropes and shoes are made.
Kachin: ri2 a thread, cord, string, sumri1 rope, (H) šiŋri, šiŋrit a bamboo rope.
Lepcha: rí a belt, a band, a stripe; grí to string bow
Comments: Miri rî-bî; Rgyarung (ti)-ri; Rawang sǝri thread, ban-ri rope, string, Trung tsǝ3-ri1. Sh. 121, 195, 407; Ben. 137.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: �
Modern (Beijing) reading: lí
Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)e
Classic Old Chinese: r(h)e
Western Han Chinese: r(h)e
Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)e
Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)e
Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)e
Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)e
Middle Chinese: le
English meaning : rope
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *rì
Meaning: rope
Tulung: riba, riwa, rija, -rip, -ri rope, card, fibre (cf. also -rip in sōrip tendons, veins)
Kaling: ribɔ (cf. also -ri in 'sö-ri nerve, tube, -rip in hi-rip blood vessel)
Comments: Toba 95 *riba.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: ida:k
Grammar: n.
Meaning: string, rope
Derivation: [< Pa_cthare Limbu]
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-dercomm,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: ri:bha
Grammar: n.
Meaning: rope
Nepali: ḍorī.
Derivation: [< ri:pnɨ vt-2 'twine, braid, plait'] [?]
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-dercomm,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: ribɔ
Grammar: n.
Meaning: rope, cord.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *rV́HV
Meaning: rope
North Caucasian: Akhv. raʔa, raʕa
Comments and references : Somewhat differently in HGC 31. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *tiʔ
Meaning: string (of net); bow-string; edge
Ket: tiʔ , pl. tīŋ
Yug: tiʔ, pl. tiŋ (Werner 2, 267)
Kottish: the / thi, pl. thikŋ / thekŋ
Comments: ССЕ 285. Werner 2, 267 (the addition of the Yug and Kott. forms allows to reduce the reconstruction to *tiʔ).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : WVRV
Meaning : rope, thread
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV)
Meaning: to spin, plait
References: ND 2521 *warʔ[u] ~ *waʔr[u] 'rope, bonds, to bind' (+ Eg.); cf. also *wärV. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(a)werǝ-, *wrē-
Meaning: to string, to put in a row
Old Indian: ā-valī, ā-vali- f. `row, range, series, continuous line'; vr̥ndá- n. `heap, multitude, host, flock'; vrā́ta- m. `multitude, flock, assemblage'
Old Greek: aeírō 'anreihen, verbinden'
Celtic: OIr foirenn `factio', MIr foirenn `Abteilung, Schar', OCymr guerin `factio', Cymr gwerin `viri, virorum multitudo, plebs', OBret guerin gl. `duas factiones'
Russ. meaning: нанизывать, ставить в ряд
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: вера́ть
Near etymology: "совать, вкладывать, прятать, копаться", новгор. (Даль), вере́ть, завере́ть "запереть", ст.-слав. въврѣти "всунуть", проврѣти "просунуть" (Супр.), болг. вра (врял) "сую", словен. svréti "сморщиваться, собираться в складки", чеш. otevříti "открыть", польск. wrzeć, zawrzeć "запереть".
Further etymology: Родственно лит. veriù, vérti "продевать нитку, открывать, запирать", др.-прусск. etwerreis "открой!", греч. ἀείρω "связываю"; ἄορον ̇ μοχλόν, πυλῶνα, θυρωρόν (Гесихий), ἀορτή "мешок, мех", лат. aperio "открываю", operio "запираю", гот. warjan "препятствовать", др.-инд. apavr̥ṇṓti "открывает, запирается", apivr̥ṇṓti "запирает, покрывает, прячет"; см. Сольмсен, Unters. gr. Lautl. 293; Фортунатов, AfslPh 4, 580; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 293; Траутман, BSW 351 и сл. Ср. верени́ца, верея́. О слове вор, которое относят сюда же Сольмсен (там же) и Мейе (Et. 226), см. ниже.
Pages: 1,293
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wer̂- (1) vb. tr.; *wā̂r-ā̂ f., *wā̂r-a- c., *wā̂r-ia- (2) c.; *wir̂-t-in-iā̃ f., *wir̃-w-ā̂, -iā̃ (1) f.
Meaning: string, tie
Old Lithuanian: vir̃vē (Daukša) 'Seil, Strick, Tau'
Lithuanian: vōrà (-ō̃s) 'Reihe (vieler Wagen usw.), Kette von irgendwelchen Gegenständen', vìrtinē 'Reihe, Haufe, Truppe, Abteilung, Bündel', virvē̃ `Seil, Strick, Tau'; vṓra-s `Spinne'
Lettish: vẽrt (ver̨u, vẽru) 'reihen, aufreihen; einfädeln; sticken, nähen, flechten'; vir̃tene, vir̃kne 'Aneindergereihtes, Reihe'; vìrve, vìrva2 'Strick, Seil'; vâris2 'Spinne'
Old Prussian: wirbe 'Seil' Voc. 314
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *wríɵu-z, *war[ɵ]ōn, *wrḗɵ=, *wrōɵ=, *wirn=, *wur[ɵ]ōn, *warēn, *war[ɵ]ēn
Meaning: herd, flock
Gothic: wriɵu-s m. (u) `herd (of swine)'
Old Norse: land-varδa f. `Abgabe des Fischers'
Norwegian: vore `10 Fische', vorde `10 oder 20 Fische, Bündel'
Swedish: dial. vɔla, vɔre `Fischbündel, 10 Fische'
Old Danish: varde, vorde `Fischbündel, 10 Fische'; wrāth `Schweineherde'
Danish: (älter) varde, vorde `Fischbündel, Bündel von 10 Fischen, Weidenland'
Old English: weorn `Trupp, Menge'; wrǟɵ, wrȫɵ `Herde, Schar'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2148
Root: u̯er-1, auch su̯er-
English meaning: to bind, to attach
German meaning: `binden, anreihen, aufhängen', auch zum Wägen, daher `schwer; Schnur, Strick'
Material: A. Gr. ἀείρω aus *ἀέρι̯ω (mit Vorschlags-α-), seit Homer auch αἴρω (jedenfalls aus *ἀέρι̯ω kontrahiert, mit αι statt α̃ι): α) `reihe an, verbinde, kopple', β) `hebe hoch, erhebe'; zu α) `kopple':
ξυναίρεται συνάπτεται Hes., συνήορος Hom. (συνά̄ορος Pind.) `eng vereint, coniunx', att. συνωρίς `Zweigespann', τετρά̄ορος, att. τέτρωρος `Viergespann', hom. παρήορος `Beipferd neben dem Zweigespann';
zu β) `hebe hoch, lasse hängen':
ἤερτο ἐκρέματο Hes., hom. ἠερέθονται `sie flattern'; hom. μετήορος, att. μετέωρος, aeol. πεδά̄ορος `erhoben, hoch schwebend' (μετά `inmitten'); κατήορος, κατωρίς; κατώρης κάτω ῥέπων Hes.; ἐπήορος; ἀπήορος; dazu mit Dehnstufe und Intensivredupl. αἰώρα (*αιώρᾱ) `Schwebe, Schaukel', mit αἰωρέω. Weiter dazu ἀορτήρ `Schwertkoppel', ἀορτή `Ledersack' (*ἄορτά̄ wegen lat. Lw. averta `Packsack'), auch wohl ἄορ n. `Schwert'; ἀορτ- oder eher ἀαρτ- kontrahiert zu ἀ̄ρτ- in ἀρτηρία `Luftröhre, Arterie', neben ἀορτή `Aorta'; ἀερτ- kontrahiert zu ἀ̄ρτ- in ἀρτα̃ν `anhängen' (vgl. ἠέρτησε ἠέρτημαι bei Alexandrinern mit ἀρτάνη `Strick, Schlinge', ἀρτεμών `Bramsegel');
alb. vjer `hänge auf', avarī `zusammen', vark, -gu `Reihe, Kranz, Kette', vargarī `Reihe, Trupp';
lit. veriù, vérti `einfädeln'; lett. veru, vẽrt `einfädeln, sticken, nähen', dazu die Iterativa lit. várstyti, lett. vãrstīt `wiederholt einfädeln', lett. savāre `Rute zum Binden', ostlit. vìrtinė `Bündel', lett. virtene, virkne (*virtne) f. `Aneinandergereihtes, Reihe', auch lit. pa-varė̃ und vorà f. `lange Reihe' (von Wagen, Tieren usw.), lit. virvė̃, lett. vìrve `Strick, Seil', aksl. vrъvь ds. (= apr. wirbe ds.), lit. apì-varas `Schnürsenkel', varanda `Geflecht aus Weidenruten', vóras `Spinne'; aksl. vъvrěti `hineinstecken', provrěti `durchstecken', russ. veratь `stecken, hineinlegen', aksl. obora (*ob-vora) `Strick', russ. vereníca `lange Reihe, Strich', aksl. verigy f. Pl. `Ketten, Fesseln', slov. veríga, verúga `Kette', dazu auch got. wriþus `Herde', ags. wrǣd ds.; russ. voróna, vorónka `Trichter', veretá `Sack', aksl. vrětiště n. ds. usw.;
B. Mit der Bedeutung `Reihe, Schwarm usw.':
ai. vr̥ndam `Schar, Menge'; air. foirenn f. `factio, Gruppe, Schar', acymr. guerin `factio', ncymr. gwerin `Leute, Menge, Schar', abret. guerin `factiones' (*varīnā); ags. weorn, wearn `Schar, Menge, Truppe'; toch. В war̃nai `mit'; über russ. vereníca, lit. vorà, lett. virkne, alb. vargarī s. oben.
C. Mit to-Formans: *u̯rēto- in ai. vrāta- m. `Schar, Truppe, Menge', ags. wrǣd `Herde', got. wrēþus (Hs. wriþus).
D. mit s mobile: su̯er- in
lit. sveriù sver̃ti `wägen', dazu svãras m. `Wage', svarùs `schwer', und svirù, svìrti `das Übergewicht haben, überhängen'; svìrtis f. `Brunnenschwengel', lett. sveŕu, svèrt `wägen, wiegen', svars `Gewicht', svēre f. `Brunnenschwengel'; cymr. chwar-, bret. c'hoar- `geschehen';
germ. swēra- `schwer' in got. swers `geehrt', ahd. mhd. swār (ahd. swāri) `schwer, drückend, schmerzend'; unsicher gr. ἕρμα n. `Schiffsballast' (S. 1152) und lat. sērius `ernst'.
References: WP. I 263 ff., WH. II 521, Trautmann 296, 351 ff., Jokl Lingu.-kult. Untersuchungen 194, Vasmer 1, 184 ff., 226 f., 229; 2, 243, Frisk 23 f., 49, 153 ff.; H. Lewis BBC S. 4, 136 f. über kelt. *su̯ar- `geschehen' (`*fallen').
Pages: 1150-1151
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ṓre
Meaning: to plait, weave
Russian meaning: плести, ткать
Comments: Poppe 110 (Turk.-Mong.). Mong. *ör-mege may be < Turk. (cf. TMN 2, 47, Щербак 1997, 197), but may also reflect a common Turk.-Mong. derivative. The Turk. form can be alternatively compared with TM *poro-, *pori- 'turn round, spin', Mong. hor-či- id. (see *p`i̯áru), but the Turk.-Mong.-Jpn. comparison seems closer semantically. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ȫr-
Meaning: to plait
Russian meaning: плести
Turkish: ör-
Tatar: ür-
Uzbek: ọr-
Uighur: ö(r)-
Azerbaidzhan: hör-
Turkmen: ȫr-
Khakassian: ür-
Oyrat: ör-
Halaj: hiri-
Chuvash: var 'best sort of flax'
Yakut: ör-; örǖ 'plaiting'
Dolgan: örǖ 'plait'
Kirghiz: ör-
Kazakh: ör-
Noghai: ör-
Bashkir: ür-
Gagauz: jör-
Karaim: ör-
Karakalpak: ör-
Comments: EDT 195, VEWT 374, 375, ЭСТЯ 1, 544-546, Лексика 394, Stachowski 200. Cf. also *örken 'smth. plaited', *ör-mek 'Stoff aus Kamelhaar, Spinngewebe' (cf. also Yak. örböx 'тряпка'). Turk. *ör-čüg > Hung. orsó 'spindle', see Gombocz 1912. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ör-
Meaning: 1 soft woollen cloth 2 to plait
Russian meaning: 1 мягкая шерстяная ткань 2 плести
Written Mongolian: örmöge, ermüge 1 (L 331) Middle Mongolian: ormege (SH) 1, öre- 2 (MA) Khalkha: örmög
Buriat: ürmege 'mat'
Kalmuck: örmǝG 1; örmɛ̄či 'weaver'
Ordos: örmögö
Monguor: merge 'espèce de tissu grossier fait de poils ou de laine' (SM 236) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ōr
Meaning: strands of rope
Russian meaning: пряди веревки
Modern Korean: ōl
Middle Korean: ōr
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ǝ́r-
Meaning: to weave
Russian meaning: ткать
Old Japanese: or-
Middle Japanese: ór-
Tokyo: ór-
Kyoto: òr-
Kagoshima: òr-
Comments: JLTT 742. For accent cf. RJ ór- (modern dialects have merged phonetically ór-ù 'to weave' and wòr-ù 'to bend', which are well distinguished in early sources). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1183
Proto: *workV
English meaning: to sew
German meaning: nähen
Mari (Cheremis): ǝ̑rɣe- (KB), urɣe- (U B) 'nähen', wǝ̑rɣem (KB), wurɣem (U B) 'Kleid, Kleidung'
Udmurt (Votyak): vur- (S K), vurị̑- (G) 'nähen', vuri̮s 'шов; шрам'
Komi (Zyrian): vur- (SP PO) 'nähen', vuri̮s 'шов, строчка; шрам'
Hungarian: var- 'nähen, schneidern; flicken', var 'Grind, Schorf', varga 'Schuhmacher, Schuster'
Sammalahti's version: *wi6rka-
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *oḍ-/*oẓ-
Meaning : to sew, spin
Notes : Complicated variations here; impossible to determine the original consonant.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *oḍ-/*oẓ-
Tamil : oẓukku (oẓukki-)
Tamil meaning : to draw out, as gold thread
Tulu : nūloḍu
Tulu meaning : a spindle
Notes : If not two different roots.
Number in DED : 1012
sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *oḍ-ǝk-
Meaning : to embroider
Kota : oṛk- (oṛky-)
Toda : wɨṛk- (wɨṛky-)
Number in DED : 1012
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *oḍ-/*vaḍ-
Meaning : to spin (tr.)
Telugu : oḍuku
Dialectal forms (1) : vaḍuku
Number in DED : 1012
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vaḍo-
Meaning : to sew; to plait
Notes : Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-pem,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *vaḍ-
Meaning : to twist, spin
Betul Gondi : wadītānā "to twist or twirl fibre into a thread"
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : vaḍḍānā, vaḍitānā "to spin"
Koya Gondi : vaṛk- "to spin"
Adilabad Gondi : vaḍūyānā "to twist a rope"
Number in DED : 1012
Number in CVOTGD : 3156, 3201
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛo-c-
Meaning : to plait, sew
Pengo : ṛoc- (-c-) "to sew; plait, weave"
Manda : ṛuc- "to plait"
Number in DED : 1012
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ɣʷĭr-
Meaning (Rus.): веревка; волосы
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *fir "
Meaning (Rus.): веревка: волос (человека) 1, тетива сети, невода 2, веревка 3, толстая веревка 4, связывать веревкой 5
Chukchee: kǝ́rwir, kǝrwét=lǝŋǝn (kǝrwít-ti, (АБ) kǝrwir-ti pl.) 1, wǝ́r " 2
Koryak: kǝ́cwǝj, kǝcwij 1
Palan: kǝtwir, kitwir 1, wr-wr 3, (h)om-wrǝ-n 4, (mǝt)-virhat- 5
Alutor: kǝtwir 1
Comments: Первая часть в слове 'волос' та же, что и в словах *kǝ̣š-tạlạt 'коса' (673), *kъš-rɨl 'лоб' (687), см. *ǝkšǝ- (1069).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *făs-fs " (~ xʷ)
Meaning (Rus.): веревка
Itelmen: făsxt
Itelmen meaning: веревка
West Itelmen: fasxt, xo̯asxt
West Itelmen meaning: funis, funiculus
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): powróz, sznur, sznurek
Number in Volodin 1976: 40
Comments: Исторический редупликат с последующей заменой конечного -s на -t под влиянием регулярного чередования основ на конечный -t.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *waʔar- (?)
Meaning: plaited cord
Notes: Scarce data.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: wʔr.t (LM)
Meaning: 'cord, rope'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *wVr-
Meaning: 'plait'
Ankwe=Goemai: wǝr
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-ank,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *rVj
Meaning: hair
Austroasiatic meaning: hair
Proto-Thai: raj.A front tuft of hair CK
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: rVj
Meaning: hair
Thai: raj.A front tuft of hair CK
Khmer: r]ej
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kmr,
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