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Kam-Sui etymology :
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Proto-Kam-Sui: *na:i.B
Proto-Kam-Sui (Thurg.): *na:i.6
Meaning: this
Mulam: na:i.6
Kam (Southern Dong): na:i.6
Then: na:i.6
Maonan: na:i.6
Standard Sui: na:i.6
Lingam Sui: na:i.6
Mak: na:i.6
References: L: 205; T: 217. kamset-thurgood,kamset-meaning,kamset-prnum,kamset-mul,kamset-ska,kamset-the,kamset-mao,kamset-sui,kamset-sul,kamset-mak,kamset-refer,
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Tai-Kadai etymology :
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kdaiet-meaning,kdaiet-prnum,kdaiet-zht,kdaiet-kams,kdaiet-bib,
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Zhuang-Tai etymology :
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Proto-Zhuang-Tai: *n(V)i.C / *nh(V)i.C
Meaning: this
Siamese: ni.C, nhi.C
Longzhou Zhuang: nai.4, nai.3
Bouyei (Po-ai): ni.4
zhtet-meaning,zhtet-prnum,zhtet-sia,zhtet-lun,zhtet-poa,zhtet-refer,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *nVj
Meaning: this
Austroasiatic meaning: this
Miao-Yao parallels: *noN
Proto-Austronesian: *ia-ni, *-ni
Austronesian meaning: this; here
Proto-Thai: ni:.C, *na- that
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ni
Meaning: this
Thai: ni:.C
Proto-Vietic: RUC ni CHE
Proto-Khmu: *niʔ
Khasi: ne this
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,aaet-khasi,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *ni / *ne
Meaning: this
Notes: some forms may be borrowed from TH ni:.C
katet-meaning,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-notes,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic:
Meaning: this
Kui: ni:.B
Kui meaning: this
Kuay: nɛ:.B
Kuay meaning: this
Ngeu: nɛ:.N
Ngeu meaning: this
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *ne
Meaning: this
Pakoh: nnɛh E?
Pakoh meaning: here; nnǝh.L this (PA)
Lao Katu: ńɨ, ne
Lao Katu meaning: this
Ngeq: nne
Ngeq meaning: this; de here, nde this
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *ne
Meaning: this
Bahnar: ʔni V?
Bahnar meaning: that
Proto-West Bahnaric: *nɛ: Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *nV References: SPT, TB18.15
banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-har,banet-refer,
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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric:
Meaning: he, she
Chrau form: nɛh
Chrau meaning: he, she
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,
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West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *nɛ:
Meaning: this
Jaru form: nɛ:
Jaru meaning: here
Nhaheung form: nɛ:
Nhaheung meaning: this
Brao form: nɛ:
Brao meaning: this
References: JS-286
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,
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North-West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *nV
Meaning: this, here
Tariang: na:
Yaeh: nǝ:
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-yh,
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Harak etymology :
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Proto-Harak: *nV
Meaning: this, here
Harak: ne:
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-hr,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: nǝ:h
Old Khmer: neh
Old Khmer Meaning: this;
References: P285, P287
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ne(h)
Meaning: this
Riang: ne.2
Riang meaning: this
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,pawaet-pran,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *nhih
Meaning: this
Pangpin: nhi.31
Gantang: ni.31
Mang'an: ni.33
U: ni.1; ʔani.2; nni.3
References: S-110
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-mnn,pranet-u,pranet-bib,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NV
Meaning : a demonstrative element
Afroasiatic : *(hV)-nV
Amerind (misc.) : *ni ~ *na 'this' (R 746) [+ A] African (misc.) : Bantu *-ná 'that, those'.
Reference : ND 775; GE 96 *na. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *nV
Meaning: a deictic element (?)
Altaic: ? Mong. *e-ne
Dravidian: Tam. ēn_ai 'other'
References: ND 775 *hEnV 'iste'. Cf. also: PIE *An- 'other' (if not = *eno-), *oin- 'other'; PA *aŋV 'separate, different' ( cf. ND 807 *Han̄V 'other', 808 *HinV 'other') nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *en-, *on-
Meaning: pron. dem.: that; (an)other
Hittite: anni- 'jener' (Tischler 29-30), eni- 'das betreffende' (Tischler 106-107)
Tokharian: anni- 'jener' (Tischler 29-30), eni- 'das betreffende' (Tischler 106-107)
Old Indian: instr. anéna, anáyā, du. gen., loc. anayoḥ
Avestan: gen. du. anayɔ̄, pl. instr. anāiš
Other Iranian: OPers instr. anā
Armenian: -n Artikel, na 'jener, der dort', no-in 'derselbe dort', a-n-d 'dort', ai-n 'jener'
Old Greek: kẹ̄̂no-, ekẹ̄̂no- 'jener', dor. tē̂no- 'jener', pl. énioi̯ 'einige'
Other Italic: Umbr enom 'tum'
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-ital,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: он,
Near etymology: она́, оно́, во вре́мя о́но, укр. вiн, вона́, воно́, блр. ён, яна́, яно́ (начало слова подверглось влиянию его́, ему́), др.-русск., ст.-слав. онъ, она, оно αὑτός, ου῏τος, ὁ, ἡ, τό, ἐκεῖνος, др.-русск. оно "ессе", болг. он, она́, оно́, сербохорв. о̏н (о̑н), о̀на, о̀но, словен. òn, óna, оnо̑ (óno), чеш., слвц., польск. оn, оnа, оnо, в.-луж. wón, wоnа, wоnо, н.-луж. wón, wóna, wóno. Ср. также о́ный.
Further etymology: Родственно др.-лит. anàs, лит. аñs "тот, он", вост.-лит. ãnas "он", anà "она", др.-инд., авест. аnа- "этот", арм. -n "тот", греч. ἔνη "последний день месяца; послеß завтрашний день", возм., "тот (день)", ион.-атт. ἐκεῖνος "тот" (из *ἐκεῖ-ενος), д.-в.-н., в.-н. ёnеr "тот", далее др.-инд. аnуás "другой", греч. ἔνιοι "некоторые"; см. Мейе, МSL 8, 237; Мейе--Эрну 551; Траутман, ВSW 7 и сл.; Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 335 и сл.; 339; МU 6, 357; IF 28, 356 и сл.; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 82 и сл.; Сольмсен, KZ 31, 472 и сл.; Перссон, IF 2, 199; Кречмер, Konj. 25. Сюда же такие табуистические употребления, как он "черт", она́ "болезнь, лнхорадка"; см. Зеленин, Табу 2, 64, 91 и сл.; Хаверс, 90 и сл., 111.
Pages: 3,140-141
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *an-a- adj.
Meaning: that
Lithuanian: anà-, añ- 'jener'
Old Prussian: tāns 'er', f. tennā 'sie'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ina-, *jina-, *jaina-
Meaning: pron. dem.
Gothic: jains
Old Norse: inn, -inn
Old English: geon
English: dial., arch. yon
Middle Dutch: gēne, gōne, guene, geune
Dutch: gene
Middle Low German: jēne
Old High German: jenēr, genēr (9.Jh.), enēr (um 1000)
Middle High German: jener, ener
German: jener
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 486
Root: eno- (wohl e-no-): ono- : no- : -ne-
English meaning: that
German meaning: Pronominalstamm `jener'
Material: Ai. Instr. anḗna, anáyā `diesem, dieser', Gen. Lok. Du. anáyōḥ; anā `denu, gewiß'; av. Gen. Du. anayā̊, Instr. ana (apers. anā), Pl. anāiš; über ai. anyá- `anderer', ántara- ds., das manche hierher stellen, vgl. oben S. 37; arm. so-in `derselbe', wenn aus *k̂o-eno-s, Junker KZ. 43, 343; gr. ἔνη (sc. ἡμέρα) `der übermorgige Tag', (ἐ-)κει̃νος `jener', dor. τη̃νος ds. (*κε-, *τε-ενος), ὁ δει̃να `der und der, ein gewisser' (nach ταδει̃να = *τάδε ἔνα `dieses und jenes'); über ἔνιοι `einige' (aus *en-io-?) vgl. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 6144;
lat. enim altlat. `fürwahr', später `denn, nämlich' = osk. íním, inim `et' (das í- in Proklise aus e), umbr. ene, enem `tum' neben eno(m), ennom usw. ds.;
idg. *oni̯o-, mit i̯- (wohl vom Rel. *i̯o-) in ahd. ienēr, obd. ener, mhd. geiner (= jeiner), ags. geon, got. jains `jener' statt *janjis durch Einfluß von ains; anord. enn, inn `der', mit k̂о-: hinn `jener', hānn, hann `er' (*kēnos);
lit. añs, anàs `jener', žem. `er'; apr. tāns `er' (*t-anas: *to);
aksl. usw. onъ (ona, ono) `jener, er', serb.-ksl. onakъ `von jener Art' (= lit. anõks ds.);
über hitt. an-ni-iš (annis) `jener', Adverb an-na-az (annaz), an-ni-ša-an `einst', vgl.Pedersen Hitt. 63, Couvreur H̯ 91 f.
no-, nā in:
ai. nā-nā `so oder so';
arm. -n Artikel, na `dann' (*no-ai, Meillet Esquisse2 88), a-n-d `dort' (d aus idg. t; also nicht gleich air. and `hier', oben S. 37, wozu noch kypr. ἄνδα αὕτη, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 613);
gr. νη̃ς τὸ ἔνης, dor. να̃ς Hes.; νή `fürwahr', Instr. (= lat. nē ds.), ναί, ναίχι ds. (vgl.αἰ : ἠ `wenn', δαί : δή `also');
lat. nam `denn, nämlich' (Akk. Sg. f), nem-pe `denn doch', nem-ut ds.; nē `fürwahr', Instrumental;
unsicher ob slav. *nā, Interjektion russ. na `da hast du!' usw. hierher gehört.
Unsicher ist auch, ob die folgenden Partikeln hierher gehören:
ne in:
ai. ná `gleichsam, wie';
av. yaɵ-na `und zwar';
gr thess. ὅνε, τόνε, τάνε, mit Doppelflexion Gen. Sg. τοι̃νεος usw. `ὅδε';
lat. ego-ne, tū-ne, dēnique (*dē-ne-que), dōnicum, dōnec (*dō-ne-kʷom, vgl. umbr. arnipo `quoad' aus *ad-ne-kʷom), quandō-ne, sīn (*sī-ne `wenn aber doch'), usw.; auch -ne in der Frage;
ahd. (ne weist tu) na `(nescis)-ne';
alit. ne `wie', lit. nè, nègi, nègu `als' (nach Komparativen), néi wie' (*ne-i), lett. ne `als';
akls. neže, skr. nȅgo `als' nach Komparativen; aruss. ni ds., poln. ni `wie' (*ne-i).
nē in:
ai. ví-nā `ohne';
av. yaɵa-nā̆ `gerade wie', ciɵǝ-nā zur Einleitung einer Frage (= lat. quid-ne);
über gr. ἐγώνη, das auch ἐγω-νη sein könnte, s. unter ē, ō; νή s. S. 320;
lat. nē `fürwahr' s. oben S. 320;
got. -na in afta-na Adv. `von hinten', hinda-na Adv. `jenseits', usw.; ahd. -na in oba-na `von oben her'; anord. þēr-na `tibimet', usw.;
abg. vъ-ně `draußen';
fern bleibt wohl phryg. νι `und' (in ιος νι `und wer'); über toch. A -ne in kus-ne `welcher', vgl. Couvreur (Tochaarse Klank- en Vormleer 50); s. auch Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 612;
References: WP. II 336 f., WH. I 339 f., 370 f., 386 f., 404 f., Trautmann 7 f., 195, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 606, 612, Specht Dekl. 306.
Pages: 319-321
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 589
Proto: *na
English meaning: this
German meaning: der hier, dieser da
Finnish: naa, naat (pl.) 'die, jene (näher)'
Estonian: naa (dial.) 'diese', nad, naad 'sie'
Saam (Lapp): nā ~ nāvt (N), nāv (L), nāitt (T), nȧ̀it̨ (Ko. Not.) 'so, auf diese Weise' ?
Udmurt (Votyak): ńūpǝĺ (Kū), nōpaĺ, nūpǝĺ, nōpäĺ (P), nūpǝl (So.), nupǝl 'gegen, auf, zu', numpėl (N) ?
Hungarian: -nál, -nél 'bei, als, zu' ?
Janhunen's version: (135)
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-ugr,uralet-janh,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ŋut
Meaning (Rus.): этот, здешний
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ŋut kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ŋut (~ ụ)
Meaning (Rus.): этот 1, здесь 2, отсюда 3
Chukchee: ŋut-(inɛ) 1, ŋot (adv. deiect.), ŋut-ku (loc.) 2, ŋot-qórǝ, ŋót-ko (abl.) 3,
Comments: Сюда же чук. *ŋut-ri > ŋúr-ri 'так (при указании изменения положения предмета) (Богораз 108), ŋǝr-ri < *ŋut-ri 'так' (Муpавьева 1737).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *ŋu'-ŋu
Meaning (Rus.): тут
Itelmen: ŋu'ŋu, ŋu'n 1
Itelmen meaning: тут 1, обыкновенно 2, обыкновенный 3
West Itelmen: nun 1, gun 2
West Itelmen meaning: hic, hoc loco 1, circum 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): tu, tutaj 1, okoɫo 2
Number in Volodin 1976: 170, 244
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nV
Meaning: demonstrative pronoun
Burushaski: *-ne in *i-ne `that', *khe-ne `this'
Comments and references : LDC 40.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nV
Meaning: this, that (a demonstrative stem)
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *-nV- Proto-West Caucasian: *nV Notes: An Av.-And.-Tsez.-WC isogloss (no other EC languages have preserved traces of this deictic root).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-nV-
Meaning: a deictic particle
Andian language: -n(o)-,-n(e)-
Chamalal: hã-
Tindi: ã-
Comments: Used only in conjunction with other deictic stems. Cf. And. ho-no-w, he-ne-w 'this', hi-n(i)-di-w, hi-n(i)-gi-w etc. 'that'. In Tind. and Cham. the stem is preserved only as vowel nasalisation (Tind. ã-b, Cham. hã-w 'this').
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *nV
Meaning: a demonstrative stem
Tsezi: ne-si, ne-ʎa
Inkhokvari: (ewe-)nu
Bezhta: hu-ni, ho-no
Comments: The stem is used only in conjunction with other deictic particles. Cf. Tsez. ne-si (1st cl.), ne-ʎa (2-4 cl.) 'that (far)', also e-n-du 'this'; Inkh. e-we-nu 'that'; Bezht. hu-ni (1,4,5 cl.), ho-no (2, 3 cl.) 'this (near)'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *nV
Meaning: a demonstrative stem
Abkhaz: (a)-ni
Abaza: (a)-ni
Adyghe: na-
Kabardian: na-
Ubykh: n-
Comments: A demonstrative stem, primarily adverbial with far deixis, but also used in some other functions. In AA cf. Abkh. a-ná 'there', a-ni (*a-nǝ-jǝ) 'that' etc.; also used as a preverb na- 'there' (directive). It is possible that the 3d person pronominal prefix n(a)- (in some verbal forms) in Abkh. and Abaz. also goes back to the same root. In AK the stem has survived only as a preverb *na- (Ad., Kab. na-) with exactly the same functions as in AA. Finally, in Ubykh the only traces of this morpheme are the pronominal prefixes of the 3d person n- (sing.), nā- (plur.), obviously related to the corresponding AA prefix *n(a)-.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nV
Meaning: demonstrative pronoun
Kachin: naŋ4 here, niŋ4 thus, in this manner
Comments: Also reflected in: Karen *nV that, Kanauri nŭ, Phom (Konyak) ńi, Kham nō 'that'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 那
Modern (Beijing) reading: nǎ nà
Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)ār
Classic Old Chinese: n(h)ān
Western Han Chinese: n(h)ān
Eastern Han Chinese: n(h)ān
Early Postclassic Chinese: n(h)ān
Middle Postclassic Chinese: n(h)ān
Late Postclassic Chinese: n(h)ān
Middle Chinese: nâ
English meaning : (Sch.:) perhaps: be rich
Russian meaning[s]: 1) тот; этот; о более далеких или отсутствующих определенных предметах с суффиксами в соответствии с разрядом существительного; 2) там; туда; 3) так; в таком случае; [nǎ] 1) который, какой; с суффиксами в соответствии с разрядом существительного; 2) где?; куда?; как?; [nuó] 1) как, каково; 2) сокр. Норвегия, вм. 挪; [-na] конечная частица, см. �; [ná] 1) много; 2) спокойно; [nā] На (фамилия)
Comments: In oldest texts the character is used only with the meaning 'to be rich' (sometimes within a compound 猗那 *ʔār-nār id.). The pronominal meaning (at first only interrogative) appears only during Late Zhou - as a synonym for 奈 *n(h)āts 'so what?' (q.v.). Later, during Wei, the character is used for a (probably related) interrogative *n(h)ā́ > MC nấ, Mand. nuǒ (colloq. nǎ) 'how, what'. Finally, since Tang demonstrative usage is witnessed: MC nầ, Mand. nuò (colloq. nà) 'that'. The standard Sino-Viet. reading is nã; này may be an old loanword, or else may be just a rather universal pronominal stem (in Viet. cf. also nó 'he', nọ 'other').
Radical: 163
Four-angle index: 2190
Karlgren code: 0350 a
Vietnamese reading: này
Jianchuan Bai: -na6
Dali Bai: -na6
Bijiang Bai: no2-
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *na-
Meaning: that, there
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-lim,kiret-kul,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: na:khɛN
Grammar: dem.
Meaning: that one there, that there, that.
Derivation: [na: there + khɛN that]
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-dercomm,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: na:kǝ
Grammar: pron.
Meaning: dem. he, that (at same level); Nep tyo.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,
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