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Zhuang-Tai etymology :
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Proto-Zhuang-Tai: *pli.A
Meaning: banana flower
Siamese: pli.A
Longzhou Zhuang: pi.1
Bouyei (Po-ai): pi.2
Dioi: pi.1
Saek: pli.1
zhtet-meaning,zhtet-prnum,zhtet-sia,zhtet-lun,zhtet-poa,zhtet-dio,zhtet-sae,zhtet-refer,
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Tai-Kadai etymology :
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Number: 47
Meaning: banana flower
kdaiet-meaning,kdaiet-prnum,kdaiet-zht,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *laj
Meaning: fruit
Austroasiatic meaning: fruit
Miao-Yao parallels: MY *peL.B / *preL.B
Proto-Austronesian: Oc. *mpalai yam
Proto-Thai: pli.A flower of banana; kluaj.C banana
References: Ja 67, Peiros 1998, 156.
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-tai,austr-bibl,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: lVj
Meaning: banana
Thai: kluaj.C banana
Proto-Katuic: NGE pre:t klɔ:j
Proto-Palaungic: De *lɔ:j, k-
Proto-Khmu: *lɔ:j
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVRLV
Meaning : nut, fruit
Eurasiatic : (cf. PIE *ar- 'nut')
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HwV́rƛ̣V
Meaning: nut, seed
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔwǟrƛ̣_V ( ~ -ō-,-Ł-)
Meaning: nut
Proto-West Caucasian: *ĺa Notes: Correspondences are regular. A possible vestige of this root in PL and PD see under *χäwx_wV.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *bʡār(ʎ)a
Meaning: nut
Chechen: bʕāra
Ingush: bʕar
Comments: 3d class in both languages. Cf. also Chech. bʕällang, Ing. bʕäring ( *bʡār(ʎ)-li-nVḳ) 'nut-tree'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *c̣ulV-bVƛ̣:V
Meaning: nut, walnut
Avar: c̣uláƛ̣:o
Chadakolob: č̣onóƛ̣:-ħonó
Chamalal: c̣ulibeƛ̣:a (Gig)
Tindi: c̣ulaƛ̣:a
Karata: c̣ulaƛ̣:i (Arch.)
Comments: The word is an old compound *c̣ulV 'tree, wood' (q.v.) + *bVƛ̣:V 'nut', as it is clearly seen from the Cham. form (c̣ulibaƛ̣:a in Bokaryov's notation). Kar. (prop.) c̣ulaƛ̣:o is probably a loan from Av. The Av. Chad. form is a secondary compound (with ħonó 'egg'); -n- is a result of dissimilation ( < *c̣oloƛ̣).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *heƛe A
Meaning: nut, walnut
Tsezi: hiƛo-ri
Ginukh: hiƛa-ʁru
Khvarshi: ħeƛe
Bezhta: heƛe
Gunzib: heƛe
Comments: PTsKh *heƛe (cf. also Tsez. hiƛi "nut core"); PGB *heƛe. The forms: Tsez. hiƛori, Gin. hiƛaʁru (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. heƛarʁo "nut") reflect a PTs compound with a not quite clear second part.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ĺa
Meaning: nut, walnut
Abkhaz: a-rá
Abaza: ra-sa
Adyghe: da
Kabardian: da
Ubykh: La-q̇́á
Comments: PAT *ra (the Abaz. word means properly "nut-tree", cf. Abkh. a-rasá, Bz. a-raśá 'nut-tree'); PAK *da. Meaning of the component -q̇́a in Ub. is not clear. The correspondence PAT *r : PAK *d : Ub. L points to PWC *ĺ. See Schmidt 1950, 19, Kuipers 1963, 59, Shagirov 1, 145.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lĭ
Meaning: fruit, seed
Tibetan: li apple, sli apple, cherry.
Kachin: li1, nli1 seed.
Comments: Cf. also notes under *ƛǝ̄j. Cf. STEDT 310-311 *li 'seed' (listing, besides Jingpaw, many forms from Tani, Deng, Naga, Tsangla, Qiang and Tujia). stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 實
Modern (Beijing) reading: shí
Preclassic Old Chinese: lit
Classic Old Chinese: lit
Western Han Chinese: ljǝt
Eastern Han Chinese: źǝt
Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨt
Middle Postclassic Chinese: źɨt
Late Postclassic Chinese: źɨt
Middle Chinese: źit
English meaning : be solid, true; actually, really
Russian meaning[s]: 1) истинный, подлинный, действительный, достоверный; конкретный; реальный; настоящий; факт; поистине, в самом деле; 2) материя; тело; полный, цельный; солидный; 3) мат. делимое, числитель; 4) осуществлять, проводить в жизнь; 5) плод (растения); урожай; доход; обильный; богатства; плоды, результат; 6) Ши (фамилия)
Shuowen gloss: 富也.從**貫.貫為貨物. [340]
Comments: Used also for *lit 'fruit'; *lit 'be rich'. The three meanings of 實 are probably one and the same word: 'fruit' > 'to be fruitful = rich'; 'to bring fruits > be effective, true'. Viet. has also a colloquial loanword thiệt 'real, genuine'.
Radical: 40
Four-angle index: 7989
Karlgren code: 0398 a-c
Vietnamese reading: thật
Shijing occurrences: 6.2_, 20.1, 20.2, 27.4, 28.3, 33.2, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, 45.1, 45.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1804
Character: 實
MC description : 臻開三入質船
ZIHUI: 1395 0495
Beijing: ṣî_ 12
Jinan: ṣî_ 12
Xi'an: ṣî_ 12
Taiyuan: sǝʔ 42
Hankou: si_ 12
Chengdu: si_ 12
Yangzhou: sǝʔ 4
Suzhou: zôʔ 42
Wenzhou: zai 42
Changsha: ṣî_ 4
Shuangfeng: ṣî_ 31
Nanchang: sǝt 41
Meixian: sǝt 42
Guangzhou: šat 42
Xiamen: sit 42
Chaozhou: sik 41
Fuzhou: siʔ 42
Shanghai: zaʔ 42
Zhongyuan yinyun: ši 41
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *li (*lej)
Meaning: to plant
Tulung: khli-
Comments: Toba 94 *(kh)li-.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: leima
Grammar: vt-5 [1: let- 2: lett- 3: lei- 4: len- 5: le:-]
Meaning: plant, pour out
Nepali: ropnu, khanyāunu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *hur̄
Meaning: 1 hazelnut 2 hazel tree 3 walnut
Araban: unsaur 3
Bizkaian: ur 1, urratx, urretx 2, intxaur 3, (arc) ynsaur 3
Gipuzkoan: ur 1, urritz 2, intxaur 3
High Navarrese: ur 1, urritz 2
Low Navarrese: hur 1, eltzaur 3
Salazarese: urrutx 2, giltzagur 3
Lapurdian: hur 1, urritz 2, eltzaur 3
Baztanese: ur 1, urritz 2
Aezkoan: etxabur 3
Zuberoan: hür 1, ǘrrütx 2, intzáur 3
Roncalese: ũr 1, (Uztárroz) urratze 2, (Vidángoz) urrutx 2, etzagur, itzagur 3
Comments: Cf. PNC *ʔwōrƛ̣_V 'nut'; the same comparison as Bouda (1948). Words for 'hazel tree' are compounds of *hur̄ + *haice 'tree' (q.v.); words for 'walnut' from an obscure first element + *hur̄. The last may also denote other types of nut (see Azkue under INTS̃AUR).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-arb,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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