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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 630
Proto: *ńe̮rkV (*ńōrkV)
English meaning: cartilage
German meaning: Knorpel
Saam (Lapp): mjuorges -r'ga (N) 'gristle', njuorakis (L) 'Knorpel'
Mari (Cheremis): nörɣǝ (KB), nörɣö (U B)
Khanty (Ostyak): ńarǝk (Vj.), ńorǝ (DN), ńar (O) 'Knorpel; Jahreszuwachs an den Astenden des Baumes' ( > Mansi So. ńɔ̄r 'Knorpel')
Mansi (Vogul): ńērkē̮ (TJ), ńē̮rǝj (M), ńērǝɣ (P), ńārǝɣ (So.) 'Knorpel'
Hungarian: nyír, nyíl (dial.) 'Fleisch unter dem Pferdenhuf; Hufgabel' ?
Nenets (Yurak): ńerʔ (O) 'Knorpel'
Enets (Yen): nyʔ (nyr-)
Nganasan (Tawgi): nir
Selkup: ńē̮r (TaU)
Sammalahti's version: FU *n'i6rki6
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-samm2,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *nVrV-
Meaning: sinew, cartilage
References: ND 1623 *ńaX(i)rU(-KE) 'cartilage' ( + Sem.?). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *nĭ̀ra
Meaning: spine
Russian meaning: позвоночник
Comments: EAS 76-77, KW 281, Poppe 39, 116, Колесникова 1972а, 88-89, Дыбо 306. Despite Doerfer MT 114, evidently not a loan in TM from Mong. The comparison with Turkic is possible if we suppose a usual semantic development 'North' < 'back'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jɨr-
Meaning: left, North
Russian meaning: левый, Север
Old Turkic: jɨr-ɣaru (Orkh.), ir-, jir- (OUygh.)
Comments: VEWT 201, EDT 954, 959, 973. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *niruɣu
Meaning: spine, vertebra, marrow
Russian meaning: позвоночник, позвонки, костный мозг
Written Mongolian: niruɣu(n) (L 585) Middle Mongolian: niru'u(n), niri'un (SH), nirisun 'spine' (HY 47), nīrɣon (IM), nīrɣūn (Lig.VMI), nirun (MA) Khalkha: nurū
Buriat: ńurga(n), ńurū
Kalmuck: nurɣǝn
Ordos: nurū 'back, spine'
Dongxian: nurun
Shary-Yoghur: nurūn
Monguor: nuru (SM 291), nurǝ monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *niri-
Meaning: spine, spine vertebra
Russian meaning: позвоночник, хребет, позвонки
Evenki: niri
Even: ńịrị
Negidal: nịjịkta
Ulcha: ńịrịqta
Orok: ńịrịkta
Nanai: ńịrịqta
Oroch: ńīkta
Udighe: ńīkta
Solon: nērde
Comments: ТМС 1, 639-640. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *nà(n)tùki
Meaning: brain, marrow
Russian meaning: мозг, костный мозг
Old Japanese: nadukji
Middle Japanese: nàdùki
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *naramb-
Meaning : nerve, vein
Notes : NDR possibly borrowings from IA.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *naramb-
Meaning : nerve, vein
Tamil : narampu
Tamil meaning : nerve, tendon, sinew, blood-vessel
Malayalam : ñarampu, narampu
Malayalam meaning : sinew, tendon, nerve, pulse
Malayalam derivates : (Tiyya) ñeravu vein
Kannada : nara, naravu
Kannada meaning : sinew, tendon, nerve, vein, artery
Tulu : nara
Tulu meaning : vein, nerve, tendon
Tulu derivates : narambu sinew, nerve, tendon
Number in DED : 2903
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *narǝb
Meaning : muscle
Kota : narb "muscle, sinew"
Toda : narb "muscle, vein"
Number in DED : 2903
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *naram-
Meaning : vein, artery, nerve, tendon
Telugu : naramu
Number in DED : 2903
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *naram
Meaning : vein
Kinwat Kolami : naram
Parji : nerub (pl. nerbul)
Poya Gadba : narub (pl. narbul)
Number in DED : 2903
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-parji,kogaet-poya,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *naram
Meaning : vein, nerve
Notes : Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *nar-[am]
Meaning : vein, nerve
Seoni Gondi : naral (pl. -ku)
Koya Gondi : naram (pl. narask)
Number in DED : 2903
Number in CVOTGD : 1928
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : naram
Meaning: vein (BB)
Number in DED : 2903
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *narmb-u
Meaning : nerve, sinew
Kui : ḍrāmbu "tendon, sinew"
Kuwi (Schulze) : naromi "nerve"
Kuwi (Israel) : naromi "nerve"
Notes : In Kui *narmb- > *nramb- > ḍramb-, while in Kuwi *narmb- > *naromb-, etc.
Number in DED : 2903
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *nā̆r-
Meaning : pulse; veins
Kurukh : narī "pulse"
Malto : nāru "the veins"
Number in DED : 2903
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ńiʁ(u)-lu
Meaning: upper part of backbone, carcass, rib of boat
Russian meaning: верхняя часть позвоночника, каркас, дуги каркаса судна
Comments: This stem is confused with *ńiʁu 'leg' in CED. According to the same source, NSU iʁuluq 'sour dock' also belongs here, but the latter probably goes back to *ńiʁru-lu-, having been borrowed from PKCh *nǝrɣǝ- ~ *nǝɣrǝ- 'sorrel' (presumably from a PKam source where a variant with *-ɣr- is attested). Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 235
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *iʁu-lu-
Meaning: rib of boat 1, upper bar of a carcass 2
Russian Meaning: шпангоут 1, верхние перекладины остова 2
Sirenik: iʁúlǝx 2
Chaplino: iʁú (t) 1, iʁúli 2, iʁulut 'roof bars'
Central Alaskan Yupik: iʁuluq 'vein on tobacco leaf'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 235
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nIʁlu-(ʁ-), *niulǝ-
Meaning: to break back near head 1, backbone of bird 2, first vertebra 3
Russian meaning: ломать позвоночник у шеи 1, позвоночник у птиц 2, первый шейный позвонок 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: niʁluq- 'to break neck vertebra (of seal) and raise its head'
North Alaskan Inupik: niʁluq- 'to throw head back, to raise chin, to sever head at first vertebra'
Western Canadian Inupik: niuliq 3
WCI Dialects: Net niʁluqtit- 1 (fish)
Eastern Canadian Inupik: niuliq 3, niʁlu(C)- 'to raise head to listen, to cut across promentary', niʁluŋajuq 'animal on the alert'
Greenlandic Inupik: niʁɫuʁ-, niʁɫiʁ- 1, niʁɫut pl. 2, niuliq 3
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 231, 235
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-nai,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *mejŋ(ʷ)ǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): большой, много
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *meʒŋǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): большой 1, расти 2, сильно 3
Chukchee: mɛ́j(ǝ)ŋ- 1, mɛjŋ-ɛ́t- 2, nǝ-mɛ́jŋ-(ʔ)ɛw 3
Koryak: mej(ǝ)ŋ- (I) 1, mejŋ-et- 2
Palan: mej(ǝ)ŋ- 1, mejŋ-et- 2, nǝ-meŋǝ-ha 3
Alutor: meŋǝ- 1, meŋ-at-* 2, nǝ-majǝŋ-ha 3
Comments: Пал. mejŋǝ-c̨hǝ-n 'начальник' (ЯПК 270).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *mejim/ŋ EA
Meaning (Rus.): много
Itelmen: mejim
Itelmen meaning: много, вдоволь
West Itelmen: mẹj'ǝn-not-kaz 1, šǝn-mojǝn 2
West Itelmen meaning: conedere, satiari 1, gemma 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): zjadać, najeść sie, nasycić się 1, poczynający się rozwijać, pączek drzew 2
Number in Volodin 1976: 396
Comments: В зап. камч. буквально 'много съесть', сложение с *'nu- 'есть' (52).
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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