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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1301
Proto: *kärte
English meaning: to hold, bear
German meaning: halten, ertragen, leiden, dulden
Finnish: kärsi- 'leiden, dulden' ( > Saam. K Kld. kīrše-)
Estonian: kärsi- 'ungeduldig sein, bewegt sein'
Saam (Lapp): gieŕdâ- -rd- (N) 'bear, endure; hold (intr.); stand, put up with', L kieŕta- 'dulden, leiden, aushalten, sich gefallen lassen', K (293) Not. kierde- 'leiden, dulden'
Mordovian: kiŕd́e- (E M) 'halten; halten, fest sein; leiden, ertragen; beherrschen'
Mari (Cheremis): kerδä- (KB), kerta- (U B) 'können, vermögen'
K. Redei's notes: Finn. t ist ein Ableitungssuffix. Im Tscher. dürfte ein Bedeutungswandel 'ertragen, dulden, leiden' -> 'imstande sein' -> 'können, vermögen' vor sich gegangen sein. Ostj. Ko. kȧ̆rǝt- 'steif werden' und wog. kart 'gestocktes Blut', die von Mark (Vir. 1928:188) hierzu gestellt wurden, sind syrj. Lehnwörter (Toivonen: FUF 32:32; Redei, SLW 111), ostj. (PD 855) Ko. kŏrt- 'ermüden, nicht imstande sein' kann aus lautlichen Gründen nicht hierher gehören.
References: Lindström: Suomi 1852:52; Ahlqvist, MMdGr. 157; MUSz. 796; VglWb. 186; Wiklund: MSFOu. 10:63, 183; Genetz: Suomi 1897/3/13:27, VähKirj. 23/2:27; T. I. Itkonen: MSFOu. 45:160; Mark: Vir. 1928:188; E. Itkonen: FUF 29:333, 31:171, 211, LpChr. 112; Posti: FUF 31:49; SKES.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-redei,uralet-lit,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gerV
Meaning: to hold
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *g'her[e]-, *g'hrē-
Meaning: to bear, to take, to make use
Old Indian: hárati `to take, bear, carry', ptc. hr̥tá-; haraṇa- n. `carrying, holding etc.', háras- n. `a grasp, grip', hartar- m. `bearer, bringer'
Old Greek: khrḗ `es ist nötig, ziemt, man muss, braucht' (on this complicated development see Frisk 1117); khrē̂ma `Sache, die man gebraucht'
Other Italic: Osk heriiad `capiat', herrins `ceperint'
Russ. meaning: нести, брать, пользоваться
References: WP I 603 f
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : take, bring
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=Hīq_V(r)
Meaning: to carry, bring
Comments and references : BCD 26.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=Hīq_V(r)
Meaning: to pull, take out; to drag, carry
Notes: Despite the root's somewhat expressive character, correspondences are regular, and the PNC reconstruction seems reliable. Traces of *-r-conjugation can be found in PA (stem II *q:ur-), and perhaps also in Darg. (medial -r- which is otherwise unclear) - although the decisive evidence of certain Lezghian languages is missing. See also comments to PEC *Harq_wV 'to dig'.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=āq- / *=āqq-
Meaning: to take away, take out, pull out
Chechen: =aqq-
Ingush: =aqq-
Batsbi: =aq-
Comments: Vowel length is established on basis of forms like Chech. pret. =äqqi-ra (Ing. =äqqa-b), Ing. pres. =ɔqq.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iq:-
Meaning: 1 to take away, take out 2 to pull,drag 3 to bring
Avar: =aq:- 1
Chadakolob: =aq:- 1
Andian language: =iq:- 3
Akhvakh: =eq:- 1
Chamalal: =eq:- 2
Tindi: =eq:- 2
Karata: =oq:- 1
Comments: Most Andian languages, as well as Avar, reflect stem I *=iq:- (Av. =aq:-); the -o-vocalism in Kar. (cf. also Tok. =uq:-) is not quite clear. Stem II *q:u-r- (with an -r-suffix) is reflected in And. q:ur-d- 'to pull, drag'; cf. also Cham. q:o-d-, Gig. q:u-r- id. There are also some reduplicated forms: Av. =aq:=áq:-, =aq:árq:- 'to take off, take apart', Chad. =aqaqn- 'to pull, drag', Kar. =erq:eq:- (Tok. =eq:irq:-) id. In Andian there is an opposition between =iq:- 'to bring' and =eq:- 'to reach' (*'to be brought'); this is probably a splitting of a single original paradigm.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: z-iI=χ:i-
Meaning: to take away, take apart
Lak form: z-iI=χ:i-n
Comments: G. pr. z-iI=χ:u-nu. Cf. Khosr. z-i=χ:Ii-n id. z- is an expressive preverb. Cf. also an expressive reduplication χ:uIrχ:u =an 'to pull, drag' (Khosr. χ:Iurχ:Iu =an id.) (an exact match for Av. =aq:arq:- etc.).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=a(r)q:I-
Meaning: take away, carry away
Chiragh: =arq:I- / =iq:-
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiqIV(r)-
Meaning: 1 to drag, carry 2 to carry on the back
Tabasaran: a=qI- (imper.) 1
Agul: q-aq- 2
Archi: χIa- 1
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. q-aqi- 'to carry on back'. Tab. and Ag. reflect the Ablaut stem *ʔäqIV(r)- (in Ag. - with secondary loss of pharyngealisation in the vicinity of front vowels). There are no parallels in Tsakh. and Shakhdagh, thus it is impossible to establish the presence or absence of *-r-conjugation in PL.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: =q-wi
North Caucasian etymology: 1853
Meaning: to take out
Khinalug form: taš=q-wi
Comments: Cf. also ši=q-wi 'to choose', č:en=q-wi 'to pull, drag' etc.
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:V (~q́:-,q́I-)
Meaning: to pull, drag
Abkhaz: á-χa-ra
Abaza: a-q-ra
Comments: PAT *qV- (cf. also Bzyb. á-χa-ra).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *e=kar̄i
Meaning: 1 bring 2 bear fruit, produce; fruit 3 be resolved, decided 4 to allege 5 to give
Bizkaian: ekarri 1, 2, 5
Gipuzkoan: ekarri 1, 5
High Navarrese: ekarri 1, 4, (Ulzama) karri 1
Low Navarrese: ekharri 1
Lapurdian: ekharri 1
Baztanese: karri 1
Zuberoan: ekharri 1, 3
Roncalese: ekarri 1
Comments: Cf. PNC *=Hīq_V(r) 'to pull, take out; to drag, carry'.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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