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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1420
Proto: *mala
English meaning: edge, brim (of an opening, slit)
German meaning: Rand, Kante (einer Ӧffnung, einer Kluft, eines Risses)
Finnish: malo 'Riß, Spalt, Kluft', malous, malavus 'Wuhne für das Zugnetz, aus dem die Zugnetze emporgehoben werden' ?
Estonian: mala 'Meeresufer' ?
Saam (Lapp): muolōs (L) 'Wake, eisfreier Streifen, der sich im Frühjahr entlang der Ufer bildet', mī̮l̨̀l̨ɛ (T), mu͕ǝлas (Kld.), mu͕αлas (Ko. Not.) 'offene Stelle am Ufer (im Frühjahr)' ?
Mordovian: malaso (E), malasa (M) 'in der Nähe', malasto (E), malasta (M) 'aus der Nähe', malas (E M) 'in die Nähe'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *malV
Meaning: mountain
Comments: ? Cf. *mVĺV
References: ОСНЯ 2, 51; ND 1411 *mAl(ʡ)V 'hill, mountain, smth. protruding'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *mal-
Meaning: bank, shore, edge
Celtic: *mal=: Ir mala 'Augenbraue, Augenlied', MBret maluenn 'Augenlied'; ? *melno- > Ir mell `globus, locus editus collis'
Albanian: mal' Berg, Gebirge, majε Spitze, Gipfel (Rum mal 'Ufer, Küste')
Russ. meaning: берег, кромка
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *mal-ā̂ f.
Meaning: land, landscape
Lithuanian: malà 'Land, Landschaft'
Lettish: mala `Rand; Ufer; Grenze mit umgrenztem Ort, Gegend'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *malō
Meaning: embankment
Old Norse: { mɔl 'ein an dem Ufer entlang liegender Wall von kleinen Steinen' }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1264
Root: mel-8, melǝ- : mlō-
English meaning: to appear, come up
German meaning: `hervorkommen, erscheinen, hochkommen; Erhöhung, Wölbung'
Derivatives: molā `Ufer'
Material: Vielleicht ai. maṇi- `Perle', maṇika- m. `(runder) Wassertopf'; gr. μολει̃ν `gehen, kommen' (Aor.), Präs. βλώσκω, Perf. μέμβλωκα; ἔβλω ἐφάνη; αὐτό-μολος `Überlaufer', προ-μολή `Auslauf eines Berges, Flusses', μολεύω `beschneide die Pflanzenschößlinge'; venet. FlN Mal-ont-īna `Maltein' (Kärnten), südillyr. ON Malontum, usw. (Krahe, Würzburger Jahrb. 1, 214);
alb. mal `Berg' (*mol-no-); tosk. maje `Spitze, Gipfel' (*moli̯ā); alb. mol `Wald' (`Bergwald') aus *mēlo-; geg. moje `hochgelegener Ort' (*mēl-i̯ā); vorrom. malga `Alpenwirtschaft' (*mal-ikā);
air. Akk. Pl. mailgea (*mal-ik-), mir. Nom. Sg. mala `Augenwimper'; mell `Klumpen, Hügel' (*mel-no-) = bret. mell `großer Ball'; mir. mul `Kugel, Klumpen' (*molu-), mul-lach `Gipfel, Scheitel'; abrit. Inselname Μαλαιος, später Malea Insula (Adamnán), neugael. Muile `Mull';
lett. mala f. `Rand, Ufer, Gegend'; lit. lýg-mala `Höhe des Randes';
serb. ìz-molīm, iz-mòlīti `hervorzeigen' (d. h. kausatives `hervorkommen lassen'), slov. molíti `hinstrecken, hinhalten', molė́ti `ragen, hervorragen', usw.;
References: WP. II 294 f., Jokl L.-k-U. 162, Berneker II 74, J. Loth RC. 44, 293 ff.; 46, 161 f.
Pages: 721-722
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *màl-
Meaning : mountain
Notes : Burrow and Emeneau put Brahui mash here, but there are no other satisfactory correspondences of Bra. sh = PDR *l.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *mal-ái
Meaning : mountain
Tamil : malai
Tamil meaning : hill, mountain
Malayalam : mala
Malayalam meaning : mountain, raised land, hill-land
Kannada : male
Kannada meaning : mountain, forest
Kannada derivates : (PBh.) malepar chieftains of mountainous regions
Kodagu : male
Kodagu meaning : thick jungle land, cardamom plantation in jungle on mountain-side
Tulu : malè
Tulu meaning : forest, hill overgrown with forest
Number in DED : 4742
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *mal[ä]
Meaning : mountain
Kota : mal im "buffaloes of the Nilgiri tribes (i. e. mountain buffaloes)"
Toda : mal "the mountains (Nilgiris as opposed to the plains)"
Additional forms : Also Kota mal āṛ high downs on western half of Nilgiri plateau; Toda mas_ ōṛ id.
Number in DED : 4742
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *mal-a
Meaning : mountain
Telugu : mala
Number in DED : 4742
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mal-, *mar-
Meaning : hill; forest
Kolami : māle, (Haig) mālē "hill"
Parji : malaŋg "forest"
Ollari Gadba : mare (pl. marel) (?) "hillock"
Salur Gadba : māre (pl. mārel) (?) "hill"
Number in DED : 4742
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : mash
Meaning : hill, mountain
Number in DED : 4742
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : MVLV
Meaning : mountain
Afroasiatic : *mVl- (Berb. Mz., Chad. Kwan, Eg.) 'mountain, bank' (?)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *muɦa[ɫ]V
Meaning: mountain
Sino-Tibetan: KC *mual
Comments and references : NSC 59 *mUHAlV, WFR 18, LDC 28, BCD 39. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *muɦalV
Meaning: mountain
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for metathesis in PN, correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *lām
Meaning: mountain
Chechen: lam
Ingush: lɔm
Batsbi: lam
Comments: Obl. base *lāmu- (cf. Ing. lɔmo, whence with vowel levelling the direct base lɔm; in Chech. the old obl. stem is preserved in /Uslar/ lɔ̄mu "up the mountain", being replaced by the more common levelled obl. base lāma-na-). 6th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *mVHVr
Meaning: mountain
Avar: meʕér
Chadakolob: meʕér
Comments: Av. paradigm C (muʕrú-l/maʕári-l, múʕru-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *maIru
Meaning: 1 mountain 2 hillock, knoll
Tsezi: maIli 2
Ginukh: malu 1
Khvarshi: mani (Radzhibov)
Bezhta: mä
Gunzib: maru
Comments: PTsKh *maIRV, PGB *maru. Cf. also Bezht. Tlad. märö, Khosh. märö 'mountain top'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *muhIVl ( ~ -ʔ-)
Meaning: mountain
Archi: mul
Comment: The Arch. form is isolated within Lezghian, but with good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *muɫho
Meaning: 1 mound, small hill 2 small heap, stack 3 pellet, lump
Bizkaian: (Oñate) mollo 3
Lapurdian: mulho, mulo 1, 2, (arc) mulko 1, 2
Zuberoan: mulho 1, 2
Comments: Trask (1995) following Meyer-Lübke (1935) derives this word from "Gallo-Romance" *mūla, but no ultimate source is indicated. We think the source may be Vasconic < PSC (cf. PNC. *muɦalV, which accounts for the laryngeal in *mulho).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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