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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 223
Proto: *kaδ́a
English meaning: to leave, stay
German meaning: lassen, verlassen, bleiben
Finnish: katoa- 'verschwinden, verlorengehen', kato 'Verderben; Mißernte' ( > Saam. N gađŏtus 'condemnation, perdition', K T kātta- 'verschwinden', kādade- 'verlieren')
Estonian: kadu- 'verlorengehen, sich verlieren, vergehen'
Saam (Lapp): guođđe -đ- (N) 'let remain, leave', kuotē- (L) 'lassen, zurücklassen', kī̊itte- (T), kūitte- (Kld.), koidde- (A) 'hinterlassen, lassen'
Mordovian: kado- (E M) 'lassen, verlassen'
Mari (Cheremis): koδe- (KB U B) id., koδa- (KB U B) 'bleiben, nachbleiben'
Udmurt (Votyak): ki̮ĺ- (S), kǝ̑ĺ- (K), kị̑lị̑- (G) 'bleiben', keĺt- (S) 'weglassen, zurücklassen', keĺtị̑- (G)
Komi (Zyrian): koĺ- (S P) 'bleiben', ku.ĺ- (PO) 'zurücklassen, weglassen'
Khanty (Ostyak): kăj- (Vj.), χăj- (DN O) 'zurücklassen'
Mansi (Vogul): kōĺ- (TJ), kūĺ- (LU), χūĺ- (So.) 'verlassen', koĺt- (TJ), χoĺt- (KU), kuĺt- (P), χuĺt- (So.) 'bleiben'
Hungarian: hagy- 'lassen, verlassen'
Nenets (Yurak): χāje- (O) 'lassen', χājo- 'bleiben'
Enets (Yen): kai- 'zurücklassen', kaija- (Ch. B) 'zurückbleiben'
Nganasan (Tawgi): koaeʔ- 'zurücklassen', kôuʔa- 'nachbleiben'
Selkup: kuetja- (Ta.), k͔uettja- (Ke.), k͔uedša- (N), qē̮či- (Tur.) 'verlassen, zurücklassen', kē̮t́- 'оставиться'
Kamass: kojo- 'bleiben'
Janhunen's version: (2) *kad'a-
Sammalahti's version: *kad'a-
Addenda: Koib. коёгамъ; Mot. коёхо
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳaʎV
Meaning: leave
Dravidian: *kaṭ(ṭ)- (?)
References: ОСНЯ 1, 318-319; МССНЯ 352; ND 1042 *Ḳalʡa 'to throw, leave' (+ IE and Sem., which rather see sub *ḳVlV). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ala ( ~ -u)
Meaning: wait, be late
Russian meaning: ждать, опаздывать
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kal-
Meaning: 1 old man 2 to be tired 3 to be ~ years old
Russian meaning: 1 старик 2 уставать 3 иметь возраст
Old Turkic: qal- (Orkh., YB) 3 Middle Turkic: qal- 'to come to an end' (CCum.) Oyrat: qala- 2
Chuvash: xoll-en 'slowly'
Comments: VEWT 224. EDT 615-616. Chuv. xullen is derived (by Tekin 1975, 281) from PT *K(i)aĺaŋ (v. sub *ki̯oĺa), but it rather belongs here. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kala
Meaning: 1 bitter life experience 2 to decease (rev.)
Russian meaning: 1 трудность, горький опыт 2 скончаться (почт.)
Written Mongolian: qala 1, qali- 2 (L 916, 917) Khalkha: xal 1, xali- 2
Buriat: xala
Ordos: xala 'rude or cruel treatment'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xalā-
Meaning: to wait
Russian meaning: ждать
Evenki: alā-č-
Even: alač-
Negidal: alāč-
Spoken Manchu: iali- (1439, 3034)
Literary Manchu: aĺa-
Ulcha: xala-čị-
Orok: xalā-čị-
Nanai: xala-či-
Oroch: alā-či-
Udighe: ala-si-
Solon: alāš́-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳal- / ḳL-
Russian meaning: недоставать, не хватать
English meaning: not to suffice
Georgian: ḳal- (ḳel-) / ḳl-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): недоставать, не хватать; m(o)-ḳle 'короткий'
Georgian meaning (Engl.): not to suffice; m(o)-ḳle 'short'
Megrel: ḳor-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): нуждаться, желать; ḳule 'короткий', xe-ḳule 'лишенный руки'
Megrel meaning (Eng.): to need, wish; ḳule 'short', xe-ḳule 'without one hand'
Svan: ḳl (li-ḳl-, x-o-ḳl-)
Svan meaning (Rus.): не хватать ( < груз.; ср. eще m-a-ḳ-u 'мне нужно')
Svan meaning (Eng.): not to suffice (< Georg.; cf. also m-a-ḳ-u 'I need')
Laz: ḳor-; mḳule 'short'
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 106, EWK 189, 241-242 (*ḳel-: привлекается мегр. ḳal- 'уйти с пустыми руками'). В ОСНЯ 1, 323 сравнивается с урал. *kelke 'не хватать, б. нужным' < ностр. *ḳelV (аналогичное сближение см. Бомхард 1996, 175). Фенрих (ibid.) привлекает также мегр. ḳal- 'уйти с пустыми руками'; этому корню, однако, соответствует лаз. nḳal- 'уйти' < *ḳel-, которое Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 318-319) сравнивает с урал. *kaδ́a 'оставлять', драв. *kaṭ(ṭ)- 'покидать, оставлять', алт. *k`āla 'оставаться', реконструируя ностр. *ḳaʎa 'уходить, оставлять'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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