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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 263
Proto: *kälV
English meaning: (swampy) sea, bay
German meaning: (versumpfter) See, Bucht
Udmurt (Votyak): kale̮m (S) 'Busen, Bucht im Fluße', kali̮m 'Pfütze, Lache'
Komi (Zyrian): ti̮-kela (Lu. Peč. Ud. VU) 'kleiner Waldsee, Ort mit vielen kleinen Teichen'
Khanty (Ostyak): kɔ̈ḷǝɣ (Vj.) 'kleines baumloses Moor', kȧlǝ (DN) 'gangbares, ziemlich festes Moor', kaḷ (Kaz.) 'baumloses, nasses Moor, Sumpf'
Mansi (Vogul): kēli (KU) ( > Khanty Kam. kelǝ 'nicht zugefrorene Stelle'?), kēlǝɣ (P), kēliɣ (So.) 'Morast' ( > Khanty Šerk. kelǝ 'чистое болото без деревьев')
Selkup: kêĺ, kueĺ 'Seebusen, Flußbusen', köl (Ty.) 'Flußbusen' ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-slk,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *küɫä
Meaning: pond
Comments: Cf. also: PA *g[i̯ú]ĺe 'strain (liquids)', PUg. *kuδ́V (*kuĺV) 'spit'.
References: МССНЯ 352, ОСНЯ 1, 305-306; ND 878a *kUĺV 'to flow, gush, leak' (IE + part of Drav. + differ. and questionable Ural. ?+ EChad. Mu.); 1035 *ḲüHḷä ~ *ḲüḷHä 'lake, small body of water' (Ur.+Alt.+SH). Cf. also ObU *kǖḷɣV, *kīḷɣV 'swamp' (in ND 1045 with incorr. Turk. and dub. Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *gʷela-
Meaning: to boil over
Hittite: kweluwana- (kuluwana-) c. 'Waschbecken' (Tischler 604)
Old Indian: galati `to drip, drop, ooze, trickle; vanish', ptc. galita-; galana- `dropping, flowing', n. `dropping, trickling'; jalá- n. `water, any fluid'
Old Greek: balanéu̯-s m. `Bader', balanís f. `Bäderin', balanéi̯o-n n. `Badstube, warmes Bad'
Russ. meaning: бить ключом
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *kwillan- vb., *kwalma-z, *kwillō
Meaning: damp, dust, boil over
Danish: (ält.) kval `Dampf, Dunst'
Old English: (ge)collen `geschwollen'; cwiella, cwylla m. `bron'; collen-ferhɵ `mit geschwollenem Mut, stolz'
Old Saxon: quella `bron, wel'; quellan
Middle Dutch: quellen st./wk. `opborrelen; zich uitzetten'
Dutch: kwalm m.; vlam. kwelm `wel'; kwellen st. `zwellen, opzwellen'; kwel f. `bron, wel'
Middle Low German: quallem, qualm `Qualm, Dampf, Rauch'; quellen `(auf)quellen, dünn, locker werden, aufwallen vor Zorn, Schmerz'
Old High German: quellen (quall) (10.Jh.) `hervorsprudeln'; quella `Quelle' (um 1000)
Middle High German: quëllen st. intr. 'quellen, anschwellen', refl. 'zusammenquellen, wachsen', qualm st. m. 'beklemmung', quëlle f. 'quelle'
German: quellen, Quelle f., Quell m.; Qualm
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 713
Root: gʷel-2, gʷelǝ-, gʷlē-
English meaning: to drip, flow; to throw
German meaning: a) `herabträufeln, überrinnen, quellen'; b) `werfen', vermutlich zu vereinigen unter `fallen lassen', intr. `herabfallen'
General comments: nach Wackernagel KZ. 67, 159 gehören jedoch a) und b) verschiedenen Verben an.
Material: a) Ai. gálati `träufelt herab, fällt herab, verschwindet', galitá-ḥ `verschwunden, gewichen', Kaus. gālayati `gießt ab, macht fließen, seiht ab'; ai. galana- `träufelnd, rinnend' (Lex.), n. `das Träufeln, Rinnen' = ga-rana-m (Gramm.); gr. βαλανεύς `Bademeister', βαλανει̃ον `Bad' (> lat. balneum); βλύω, βλύζω `quelle hervor' (Bildung nach φλύω), βλύδιον `feucht' Hes., und aus der Sippe von βάλλω in ähnlicher Bed. ἀμβολάδην `aufsprudelnd (vom Wasser)', Δέλλοι `Springquell bei Eryke', vgl. auch εἰς ἅλα βάλλειν `münden';
ahd. quellan (quall) `hervorquellen, schwellen' (ll wohl aus ln), ags. (ge)collen `geschwollen', ahd. quella, nhd. Quelle, mnd. qualm (`*hervorquellendes' =) `Qualm, Dampf, Rauch', älter dän. kval `Dampf, Dunst'; nhd. Qualle, ndl. kwal, kwalle `Meduse'.
In vermittelnder Bedeutung (etwa aus `in sich zusammenfallen') ai. glā-ti, glā́yati `fühlt sich erschöpft, ist verdrossen, schwindet', Partiz. glāná-, glāna-m, glāni-ḥ `Erschöpfung, Abnahme', Kaus. glā̆páyati `erschöpfen, jmd. zusetzen; in Verfall kommen lassen'?
b) Av. niɣrāire `sie werden herabgeschleudert' (ni-gar-);
gr. βάλλω `werfe, treffe' (*gʷeln-ṓ), hochstufig ark. ἐσδέλλοντες = ἐκβάλλοντες, ζέλλειν βάλλειν Hes., Aor. βαλει̃ν, Perf. βέ-βλη-κα, Aor. ἔβλην `erhielt einen Schuß, wurde getroffen', ἔβλητο, βλητός; βλη̃μα `Wurf', βολή, βόλος m. ds., βολίς, -ίδος `Wurfgeschoß', βέλος, βέλε-μνον `Geschoß', ̔Εκατη-βελέ-της;
aus dem Kelt. vielleicht cymr. blif `catapulta' (*gʷlē-mo-, vgl. gr. βλη̃-μα); über air. at-baill `stirbt' s. gʷel- `stechen';
toch. AB klā- `fallen', Van Windekens Lexique 40.
Mit einer Bedeutungsentwicklung `sich im Geiste auf etwas werfen, βάλλεσθαι ἐν θυμῳ̃, μετὰ φρεοί' stellt man zu βάλλω auch (?) die gr. Sippe von βούλομαι `will' (*βολσομαι, Konj. des s-Aor. zu βάλλω); βουλή, dor. βωλά: f. `Entschluß, Ratschlag'; aber thess. βελλόμενος, dor. δηλ- aus *gʷelso-; hierher auch βάλε `walte Gott!'.
References: WP. I 690 ff., Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 284, 693 u. Anm. 9.
Pages: 471-472
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ṓli
Meaning: lake, basin
Russian meaning: озеро, водоем
Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 306. The Turk. root may also be of a Persian origin (see TMN 3, 645-646). Mong. *küjil- < *küli-l- (with regular dissimilation). Kor. *kằrắm < *kòrắm (with vowel assimilation); cf. also Old Koguryo *kŭăl 'river' (see Miller 1979, 8). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *[k]ȫl
Meaning: lake
Russian meaning: озеро
Old Turkic: köl (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: göl
Tatar: kül
Uzbek: kụl
Uighur: köl
Azerbaidzhan: köl
Turkmen: kȫl
Khakassian: köl
Oyrat: köl
Chuvash: kölǝ (NW), külǝ
Yakut: küöl
Dolgan: küöl
Tuva: xöl
Kirghiz: köl
Kazakh: köl
Noghai: köl
Bashkir: kül
Balkar: köl
Gagauz: göl
Karakalpak: köl
Kumyk: köl
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *küjil-sü
Meaning: island in a river, shallow place in a river
Russian meaning: островок в реке, отмель в реке
Written Mongolian: küjil-sü (L 498: not distinguished from küji(l)-sü 'navel') Khalkha: xüjls
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xule-
Meaning: 1 canal, ditch, duct 2 whirlpool 3 pool
Russian meaning: 1 канал, канава, протока 2 водоворот 3 омут
Even: ūl, ulgin 3
Literary Manchu: ule-n 1
Orok: xulu-pti 2
Nanai: xuler 'pit in river bottom' (Он.) Oroch: ūle 1
Udighe: ūle 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 477; 2, 257, 264. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kằrắm
Meaning: lake, big river
Russian meaning: озеро, большая река
Middle Korean: kằrắm
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kUḷ-
Meaning : pond, vessel; to run, leak from a vessel
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kuḷ-
Meaning : tank, pond
Tamil : kuḷam
Tamil meaning : tank, reservoir, lake
Malayalam : kuḷam
Malayalam meaning : tank
Kannada : koḷa, koḷahe, koṇa
Kannada meaning : pond
Tulu : kuḷa
Tulu meaning : tank, pond
Number in DED : 1828
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kol-
Meaning : tank, pond
Telugu : kolanu
Dialectal forms (1) : kolāku
Dialectal forms (2) : kolākuvu
Additional forms : Also (VPK) kollu deep pond dug or built near the outlet of a tank in which water is collected before supplying it to fields; kollu guṇṭa pond into which water from irrigation wells is baled out
Number in DED : 1828
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūḷ-
Meaning : to leak
Kolami : kūl- (kūṭ-) "(water) run from punctured vessel or tap"
Naikri : kūḷ-
Additional forms : Also Kolami kūlp- (kūlupt-) to puncture (vessel) so that water runs out
Number in DED : 1919
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : pond
Afroasiatic : *kwVl- (Cush., Chad., ?Berb.) 'river, valley'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳălhV́
Meaning: lake, river
Comments and references : NSC 55 *ḳ(w)AlHV. Cf. *xḳɨ̆́wɫV. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳălhV
Meaning: lake
Notes: A Tsez-Darg. isogloss.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ḳara
Meaning: lake
Khvarshi: ḳara (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: ḳara
Bezhta: ḳā
Gunzib: ḳara
Comments: PGB *ḳara (cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ḳärä).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ḳaw
Meaning: lake, pool
Akusha: ḳaw
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kharb. ḳaw id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *luaŋ (k-)
Meaning: interior; valley
Tibetan: luŋ valley, kluŋ river, kluŋs cultivated land, field (cf. also lʒ́oŋs a large valley).
Burmese: lwaŋ unoccupied space beyond houses; khjauŋh (OB khloŋ) stream, brook; hlǝuŋ 'cave, niche'
Kachin: lǝgjoŋ a ravine.
Lushai: tloŋ (LS) the Delaswari river.
Comments: Cf. *kruaŋ 'river, valley': the two roots are sometimes hard do distinguish. Cf. PAA *loŋ / *luŋ 'valley, deep place'; *kluaŋ 'middle, inside'; SM *loŋ 'in, into', Tai *kla:ŋ 'middle', *glo:ŋ 'channel'; PAN PAN *baqeluŋ 'small shallow body of water'. [For "valley" cf. also PAA *lVŋ 'field, land']. stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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