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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 35
Proto: *äćä
English meaning: father
German meaning: Vater
Saam (Lapp): ač'če -čč- (N), ahttjē (L), aičč (T Kld.) 'father'
Khanty (Ostyak): ȧt́i (Trj.), ȧśi (O)
Mansi (Vogul): ǟćī (TJ), ɔ̄̈ś (KU), āś (P LO) 'Vater des Vaters (TJ KU P), Vater der Mutter (TJ), Vater (N)'
Nenets (Yurak): ŋāćeʔ 'Vater! (Kind.)'
Enets (Yen): ačaʔ (K)
Yukaghir parallels: ečie
References: FUV; Paas.Beitr. 161; Collinder, JukUr. 75; Coll.CompGr. 93, 375
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-yuk,uralet-lit,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔacwV
Meaning: father, ancestor
References: ND 797 *Hać̣/ĉ̣[i] 'father, ancestor'. Cf. also Ur. *ćečä 'uncle' - probably just reduplicated, but Dolg. ND 2145 *seǯA compares it with Kartv. *śiʒ́e- 'son-in-law' (+ some ECush.). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ăčV
Meaning: elder relative, ancestor
Russian meaning: старший родственник, предок
Comments: An expressive kinship "nursery" word with the typical structure *VCV; the root must have denoted some elder relative, both male and female. Deriving TM *asī from a Chinese (ТМС 1,55) or Sino-Korean (SKE 15) source is quite impossible. The Mongolian reflexes are problematic: Mong. eǯei 'mother, elder sister' (whence Yak. eǯīj, Dolg. eǯij, see Кал. V 27, Stachowski 43) is probably < Turkic.; Mong. ečige 'father' reflects rather PA *ĕ́t`è q. v. One should, however, note an isolated Dagur form ačā 'father' (Тод. Даг. 122), whence certainly Solon ača id. and possibly Evk. (Vit.) ači 'ancestor' (ТМС 1, 59). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ăčaj / *ĕčej
Meaning: 1 old man or woman 2 mother 3 grandmother 4 sister (of woman) 5 mother (if the grandmother is still alive) 5 mother (addr. to an elder woman) 6 aunt, sister of father 7 elder brother 8 uncle 9 ancestor 10 Father! (to the God) 11 old man, elder man 12 husband 13 younger brother of father's father 14 grandfather 15 father
Russian meaning: 1 старый мужчина или женщина 2 мать 3 бабушка 4 сестра (женщины) 5 мать (при живой бабушке) 5 мать (обр. к пожилой женщине) 6 тетя, сестра отца 7 старший брат 8 дядя 9 предок 10 Отче! (обр. к Богу) 11 старик, пожилой человек 12 муж 13 младший брат деда 14 дед 15 отец
Old Turkic: eči 7, 8 (Orkh.), ečü 9 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: eči 1 (MK), ečü 10 (KB) Turkish: aǯu (dial.), eǯe 11
Tatar: aǯa, aǯi, ɛǯi 5 (dial., ТТДС 22, 551), azɨj, ɛzi 11, 15 (dial., ТТДС 23, 540) Uzbek: ɔča, ača 2, 3
Uighur: ača 6
Sary-Yughur: ačɨ 4, ača 12, 15
Khakassian: aǯa 7, 8
Shor: ača 7, 8
Oyrat: Leb. aǯɨ, aǯa 7, ača 13
Chuvash: aźa 15
Yakut: ehe 14
Dolgan: ehe 14
Tuva: ača 15
Tofalar: aš'a, aǯa 7, 15
Kirghiz: ačaj 5, aǯa 11
Bashkir: äsä 2
Kumyk: aǯaj 5, ečiw 6
Comments: VEWT 35, ЭСТЯ 1, 231-235, TMN 2, 15, Егоров 35, Лексика 299, Clark 1977, 128, Stachowski 43. Shortness is suggested by pharyngealization in Tofalar, so the variants with -ǯ- are probably due to expressive gemination (*aččV / *eččV). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *asī
Meaning: 1 wife of elder brother 2 woman 3 wife
Russian meaning: 1 жена старшего брата 2 женщина 3 жена
Evenki: asī 2
Even: asị 2
Negidal: asī 2
Spoken Manchu: ašǝ, asǝ 3 (908)
Literary Manchu: aša 1
Ulcha: asị 3
Orok: asị 2
Nanai: aśa 2
Oroch: asa 2
Udighe: ahanta 2
Solon: aš́ē, aš́ī 2
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *àčă-
Meaning: 1 aunt 2 uncle
Russian meaning: 1 тетя 2 дядя
Modern Korean: aǯä 1, 2, aǯumǝni 1, aǯäbi 2
Middle Korean: àčắmì 1, àčàpí 2
Comments: Nam 341, KED 1076, 1077. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *áǯǯ-
Meaning : grandparent(s)
Proto-South Dravidian: *aǯǯ- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *āǯ- Proto-North Dravidian : *aǯ- Notes : Several stems based on this root are available; the most common reference, however, is to a third-generation ancestor. Burrow & Emeneau suggest borrowing from IA *arya-, Pkt. ajja-; this is hardly likely considering the presence of the root as far North as in Kurukh and the presence of several different stems. More likely is that the Pkt. forms have been semantically influenced by the already existing Dravidian roots. // Present in 3/6 branches.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *aǯǯ-
Meaning : father, grandfather
Tamil : accan_
Tamil meaning : father
Tamil derivates : acci Nāyar woman (< Ma.); acciyar women ascetics; accō excl. of pity or of wonder
Malayalam : accan
Malayalam meaning : father, lord
Malayalam derivates : acca mother; acci id., Nāyar woman; accō interj. of surprise or pain
Kannada : acci
Kannada meaning : mother, a Malayāḷa woman
Kannada derivates : ajja grandfather; ajji grandmother
Kodagu : ajjë
Kodagu meaning : grandfather
Kodagu derivates : mutt-ajjë great-grandfather
Tulu : ajje
Tulu meaning : grandfather
Tulu derivates : ajji grandmother
Number in DED : 0050
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *aǯ
Meaning : very old man
Kota : aj ayṇ
Additional forms : Also Kota aj av very old woman
Number in DED : 50
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *āǯ-
Meaning : grandfather
Naikri : ājak-jaran
Number in DED : 50
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *aǯ-
Meaning : paternal grandfather
Kurukh : ajjos
Additional forms : Also KUR ajjī grandmother.
Number in DED : 50
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *acaɣ
Meaning: paternal aunt
Russian meaning: тетя по отцу
Comments: The geminate reflexation in Inupik possibly represents a vocative form of this kinship term.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 2
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *acaɣ
Meaning: paternal aunt
Russian Meaning: тетя (по отцу)
Sirenik: asǝx
Chaplino: asák 'father's sister, aunt'
Naukan: asak/ asik
Chugach (AAY): aca(k)/ acāq
Central Alaskan Yupik: acak
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 2
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-chug,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *äccaɣ (~ -ʁ)
Meaning: paternal aunt
Russian meaning: тетя по отцу
Seward Peninsula Inupik: assak
SPI Dialects: Imaq asi voc.?, W äsaɣa* 3sg.
North Alaskan Inupik: atcak
NAI Dialects: B ätcaq*
Western Canadian Inupik: attak
WCI Dialects: Cor ätcaq*, Net atsak
Eastern Canadian Inupik: atsa(k)
Greenlandic Inupik: atsa(k) (atsaq* [Jen.]
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 2
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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