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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 705
Proto: *pala
English meaning: bit; to devour
German meaning: Bissen; fressen
Finnish: pala 'Bissen, Brocke, Krume'
Estonian: pala
Saam (Lapp): buola 'frustulum', pŭ͕ǝ̆l͔̑l͔e (Ko. Not.) 'Klotz, der sich beim Biegen der Schlittenkufe od. des Lappenschlittenkiels zwischen diesen und dem Druckhebel befindet' ?
Mordovian: pal (E) 'кусок (о продуктах)', (M) 'Fleisch'
Mari (Cheremis): pultǝ̑š (J U) 'Bissen (Brot-, Fleisch-) ?
Komi (Zyrian): palak (Skr.) 'пласт; ком, комок (земли, навоза, снега)', (P) ji-palak 'Eisscholle'
Khanty (Ostyak): puḷ (V), pül (DN), pul (O) 'Bissen, Stück, Mundvoll', puli̮- (V) 'schlürfen, kosten', pül- (DT) 'verschlingen', pulǝt- (O) 'gierig essen, erschnappen'
Mansi (Vogul): pōl (TJ), pūl (KU So.), pulǝ (VN) 'Stück, Bissen'
Hungarian: fal- 'fressen, schlucken', falat 'Bissen'
Nenets (Yurak): pāĺe- (OP) 'verschlingen, verschlucken'
Selkup: poli̮- (Ta.) 'verschlucken', pōl- (Ty.) 'verschlingen'
Janhunen's version: (9) *pala
Sammalahti's version: *pala
Addenda: Koib. поолдола 'глоток'
Yukaghir parallels: !
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-slk,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *balʕ[u]
Meaning: to swallow, throat
References: МССНЯ 336, ОСНЯ 1, 173; ND 200 *baḷ(i)ɣ[U] 'swallow, throat'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯alge
Meaning: throat, to swallow
Russian meaning: глотка, глотать
Comments: KW 31, ОСНЯ 1, 173. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *balgu-
Meaning: 1 to swallow 2 gulp
Russian meaning: 1 глотать 2 глоток
Written Mongolian: balɣu- (L 80) 1, balɣu 2 Khalkha: balga- 1, balga 2
Buriat: balga- 1, balga 2
Kalmuck: balɣǝ- 1, balɣǝ 2
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bilga
Meaning: throat
Russian meaning: горло, глотка
Evenki: bilga
Even: bịlgъ̣
Negidal: bịlga
Spoken Manchu: bilǝhā (62)
Literary Manchu: bilχa
Ulcha: bịlǯa
Orok: bịlda
Nanai: bịlGa
Oroch: bigga
Udighe: bigaŋa (Корм. 212) tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vēḷ-
Meaning : throat, neck
Notes : A Malayalam-Kodagu isogloss; see, however, also notes on PGn 1094.
dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vēḷ-ai
Meaning : neck, throat
Malayalam : vēḷa
Malayalam meaning : throat
Kodagu : bōḷe
Kodagu meaning : neck
Number in DED : 5547
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *pǝĺ'ɣǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): трахея
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *piLɣǝ-n
Meaning (Rus.): горло
Chukchee: pílɣǝ-n
Koryak: pilɣǝ-n
Palan: pilɣǝ-n
Alutor: pilɣǝ-
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *pučx-č
Meaning (Rus.): горловина затона
West Itelmen: pučx-č
West Itelmen meaning: collum retis
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): szyja u więcierza
Comments: Юж. камч. pa'aɣan < pălɣan.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVLV
Meaning : to swallow, throat; pipe
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *balVʕ-
Meaning: uvula, larynx
Notes: Metathetically related to *ɣilab- 'neck' ? Cf. EDE I 96; Bla Review 500.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-bed,afaset-agw,afaset-sho,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 72
Proto-Semitic: *balVʕ/ɣ-
Meaning: uvula; gullet, gorge
Syrian Aramaic: bālaʕtā 'guttur' [Brock 76]
Mandaic Aramaic: balʕuma 'gullet' [DM 48]. Looks like an Arabism
Arabic: bulʕum- 'oesophage, canal de déglution' [BK 1 161]; cf. also ʔa-blaɣ- 'long (se dit du cou, d'une encolure longue)' [ibid. 162]. Note also balʕ-at- 'trou dans la meule' [ibid. 161] and bulaʕ- 'trou de la poulie' [ibid.] (both lit. 'gorge'?)
Mehri: tǝbǝlōt 'uvula; tonsil(s); tonsilitis' [JM 399]
Jibbali: tɔbźɔʕɔ́t 'uvula' [JJ 269]; cf. mú-blɔɣ 'tonsil' [ibid. 26]
Soqotri: bálḥam 'viveur' [LS 88] (-ḥ- <-*ʕ-); QALAN.-V téblɛɣɔh 'luette' [SSL 4 94]; QADHUB tǝ́blaɣah 'amygdale; luette' [SSL LS 1454]
Notes: Usually regarded as related to, or derived from, SEM *blʕ 'to swallow' (cf. [DRS 68], [LGz 92-95]); this verb, however, definitely points to ʕ (so in ARB and MSA), while the noun under consideration shows oscillation ʕ/ɣ in JIB, SOQ and, likely, ARB. Note variant stems with *-am in ARB (cf. also blʕm and blʕ 'avaler' [BK 1 161) and SOQ (the MND example is likely an Arabism), which may probably be regarded as common SEM, and *ta- in MSA.
[DRS 68-69]
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *bilbil ~ *bilul
Meaning: 'uvula'
Ghat: bēlǝbēlé
Figig: ta-bilul-t N-Z 1998, 53
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ght,brbet-fgg,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: bʕn (pyr)
Meaning: 'neck (of bird)'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *bVlVʔ- ~ *bilbil-
Meaning: 'uvula' 1, 'uvular' 2, 'crop' 3
Hausa: bḕlí 1
Mupun: bèlíbèli 2 (Mats)
Sura: bɛ̀lbɛ̀l 1
Boghom: bēlu 1 [Cs N 96]
Bokos: bùlèʔ 3 [JgR]
Bade: bàal-ǝ́n 1 [Lukas]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-gwn,wchet-sur,wchet-bgh,wchet-bks,wchet-bad,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *bVl-
Meaning: 'throat, voice'
Bidiya: béle [JBid]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-bid,
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Bedauye (Beja) etymology :
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Bedauye: balaʔa
Meaning: 'gullet'
bedet-prnum,bedet-meaning,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *bul-
Meaning: 'bull's hump'
Qemant: būl
Awiya (Aungi): bu_lī
Notes: Con Ross 176
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-kem,agwet-aun,agwet-notes,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *biliʕ-
Meaning: 'necklace'
Afar (Danakil): biliʕa
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-afar,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *balaH-
Meaning: 'neck'
Ometo: Koyra balaa
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-ome,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HpēɫV̄
Meaning: tube, pipe
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *HpēɫV̄ (~-ī-)
Meaning: vein, sinew, pipe
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *pulV Notes: Darg. has a metathesized form (*lap instead of *pal). Not clear is the Lak. initial p:- (perhaps, a bad recording of a dialectal form?); p- should be expected. The original meaning of the root must have been "pipe; kennel" - cf. also related HU forms: Hurr. pala, Ur. pīlǝ "canal" (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 16) - but in several subgroups a semantic shift "pipe" > "blood vessel, sinew" took place.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʔīp
Meaning: mill kennel
Chechen: āpari
Ingush: ip
Comments: PN paradigm: *ʔīp, *ʔāp-ar- (cf. also Ing. erg. aparo); in Chech. the former oblique base became direct (a doublet form apar exists also in Ing.). Chech. 4th class, Ing. 3d class.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *pulV
Meaning: 1 pipe 2 vein, blood vessel
Akhvakh: huli 2
Chamalal: pul 2
Tindi: pula 1,2
Karata: pule 2
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *pɨ A
Meaning: 1 blood vessel 2 pipe, reed-pipe
Tsezi: pelu 2
Khvarshi: pili (Radzhibov)
Bezhta: pi 1
Gunzib: pǝ 1
Comments: PTsKh *pilV; PGB *pɨ, obl. *pɨlV- (cf. Bezht. pili-). For PTs *pɨlV must be reconstructed as the oblique base (which became direct in Tsez.). The variation in meaning is probably archaic (reflected also in other EC languages).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: p:iIllu
Meaning: wooden part of the reed-pipe
Lak form: p:iIllu (Bartkh.)
Comments: The Bartkh. dialectal form is quoted from Хайдаков 1966.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *lap
Meaning: sinew
Akusha: lap-ni
Comments: lap-ni is originally a plural form. Cf. also Tsud. lap (pl. lapni) id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛōŋ / *ƛōn (p-)
Meaning: tube
Tibetan: lćuŋ thimble, doŋ-po, ldoŋ-po tube, any hollow cylindrical vessel.
Burmese: prauŋh, prwan, prwaj (OB plwan) tube.
Kachin: nthuŋ4 a bamboo water vessel (pjoŋ3 a tube, a pipe, (H) bjoŋ id. probably < Burm.).
Comments: Coblin 153. Cf. Austric: PAA *lVŋ 'pot', PAN *balaŋa 'pan, pot'. paluŋ 'feeding trough'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 筒
Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng
Preclassic Old Chinese: Łōŋ
Classic Old Chinese: Łōŋ
Western Han Chinese: lōŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: lōŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: dōŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: dōŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: dwōŋ
Middle Chinese: duŋ
English meaning : tube
Russian meaning[s]: 1) трубка; труба; цилиндр; 2) почтовый ящик (тумба)
Comments: Mod. tone is irregular (tóng would be expected). For *Ł- (unaspirated) cf. Xiamen tɔŋ2, Chaozhou, Jianou toŋ2, Fuzhou töüŋ2.
Radical: 118
Four-angle index: 3789
Karlgren code: 1176 g
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1482
Character: 筒
MC description : 通合一平東定
ZIHUI: 4592 2625
Beijing: thuŋ 2
Jinan: thuŋ 2
Xi'an: thoŋ 2
Taiyuan: thuŋ 2
Hankou: thoŋ 2
Chengdu: thoŋ 12
Yangzhou: thɔuŋ 2
Suzhou: doŋ 12
Wenzhou: doŋ 12
Changsha: toŋ 12
Shuangfeng: daŋ 12; dǝn 12
Nanchang: thuŋ 12
Meixian: thuŋ 12
Guangzhou: thuŋ 12
Xiamen: tɔŋ 12
Chaozhou: toŋ 12
Fuzhou: töyŋ 12
Shanghai: toŋ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: thuŋ 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *upel / *upe
Meaning: 1 barrel 2 cask 3 vat 4 stave (of barrel) 5 cooper 6 wine cellar, warehouse of casks 7 spigot, faucet (of cask)
Bizkaian: upa, upe 1, 2, 3, upel, upela 1, 2, upol 4, upa-zotz 7
Gipuzkoan: upela-gile 5, (Ernani) upela-tegi 6, upa-zotz, upa-txotx 7
High Navarrese: (Lezaka) upela-gile 5, upela-tegi 6
Comments: A southwestern Bsq word; the northeast prefers *tupV (q.v.) with some of the same meanings. *upe(l), *tupV, and Romance words derived from Lat. cūpa have blended to some extent in Bsq, so much so that some etymologists have conflated them, with alternating initials (or none) (!) . BNV, LAB dupel 'cask' looks like a blend.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-comments,
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