Uralic etymology :

Number: 745

Proto: *peje

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to cook, boil

German meaning: kochen, sieden

Mordovian: pije- 'gar kochen (intr.), pid́e- 'kochen (tr.)' (E M)

Komi (Zyrian): pu- (S PO), pu-, puv- (P) 'kochen, sieden'

Mansi (Vogul): pɔ̄̈j- (KU), pāj- (P) 'kochen, sieden (intr.)', pājt- (So.) 'kochen (tr.)'

Hungarian: fő- (part. pres. fővő) 'kochen, sieden', főz- 'kochen (tr.)'

Nenets (Yurak): pī- (O) 'gar werden (durch Kochen)', piŕē- 'kochen (tr.)'

Enets (Yen): feriʔa- (Ch.), fediʔa- (B) 'zum Kochen bringen', fie- (Ch. B) 'reifen', fiði- (Ch.), fire- (B) 'zum REifen bringen'

Nganasan (Tawgi): fīʔe- 'reifen', firiʔé- 'zum Kochen, Reifen bringen'

Selkup: piri̮- (Ta.) 'braten, rösten, backen'

Kamass: pш- 'reifen, gar sein, gar werden', pшri-, pǝ̑rǝ- 'backen'

Janhunen's version: (92) *pexi-

Sammalahti's version: *pexi-

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗuHjV

Meaning: boil

Indo-European: *spē-

Altaic: *p`uje

Uralic: *peje

Kartvelian: *pu- [иначе в ОССНЯ]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *puje

References: МССНЯ 343-344; ND 1838 *P_[ü]H/QyV 'to boil, get ready (food), ripen' (Alt.-Ur.-IE).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *spē- (sph-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to prosper, to turn out well

Hittite: ispai- (II) 'sich satt essen' (Tischler 408-409)

Tokharian: ? B spāw- 'subside, run dry' (Adams 717)

Old Indian: sphāyate `to grow fat, swell, increase', caus. sphāvayati, ptc. sphītá-; sphīti- f. `welfare, prosperity', sphātí- f. `fattening, breeding (of cattle), increase, growth, prosperity', sphāra- `extensive, wide, large', sphirá- `fat'

Avestan: spǝ̄nvat_ `er förderte'

Slavic: *spḗtī, *spējǭ; *spēxъ, *spēšī́tī

Baltic: *spē̂- (-ja-) vb. abs./tr. (1), *spē̂-r-u- adj., *spē-m-iā̃ f., *spē̃-t-a- c., *spē-k-ā̂ f., *spē̃-k-a- c., *spē̃-j-u-/spē̂-j-u- (1) adj.

Germanic: *spē-d-i- c., *spō-n-, *spōw-a- vb.; *spō-d-i- c., *spō-d-ia- vb.

Latin: spēs, -ēī, pl. spērēs `Erwartung, Hoffnung', spērāre `hoffen, erwarten'; prosperus, -a `günstig, glücklich'

Russ. meaning: процветать, удавать себе

References: WP II 656 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *spē̂- (-ja-) vb. abs./tr. (1), *spē̂-r-u- adj., *spē-m-iā̃ f., *spē̃-t-a- c., *spē-k-ā̂ f., *spē̃-k-a- c., *spē̃-j-u-/spē̂-j-u- (1) adj.

Meaning: have time, be successful

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: spḗti (spḗja, -ō) `Musse haben, schnell genug sein, zurechtkommen, noch zur Zeit kommen, mit jmd. Schritt halten; (Rätsel) raten, zu lösen suchen, zu erraten suchen; vermuten, annehmen; voraus-, vorhersagen, weis-, wahrsagen, warnen', spḗru- `flink, schnell, eilig, rüstig, gedeihlich, kräftig, energisch', spēmē̃ 'Eile', spēmuõ (-meñs) 'Vermutung, Annahme', spē̃ta-s `freie Zeit, Musse', aukšt. spēkà, pl. spē̃kōs, žem. spē̃ka-s '(körperliche) Kraft'

Lettish: spẽt (spẽju) `vermögen, können, fähig sein zu, in der Lage sein', spę̀ks `Kraft, Stärke, Macht', spèjš, spẽjš 'rasch, plötzlich, unvorbereitet'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *spēdi-z, *spōn-, *spōwan- vbb; *spōdi-z, *spōdian- vb.

Meaning: prosper, be happy

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: spōwan st. `gedeihen, glücken', spēd, spǟd `Gedeihen, Beschleunigung, Eile', spēdan 'gelingen, Erfolg haben'

English: speed

Old Saxon: spōdian 'fördern'; spōd `Gedeihen, Bschleunigung, Eile'

Middle Dutch: { spoeden 'eilen'; spoet }

Dutch: { spoeden; spoed }

Middle Low German: spōden 'eilig entsenden, antreiben', refl. 'sich beeilen'

Old High German: spuoen wk. `gelingen, Erfolg haben' (um 1000), spuot f. 'Erfolg, Fortgang, Wesen' (8.Jh.), gispuoten 'gelingen lassen', refl. 'eilen' (um 1000)

Middle High German: spuot st. f., ndrh. spūt 'glücklioches Fortschreiten, Gelingen, Schnelligkeit, Beschleunigung'; spuon (anomales verb) 'von statten gehn, gelingen; beschleunigen'

German: sich sputen

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`uje

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to whirl, boil

Russian meaning: вращаться (в водовороте), кипеть

Turkic: *üjük

Mongolian: *hujil-

Tungus-Manchu: *puju-

Comments: Poppe 67, Цинциус 1984, 59. A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *üjük

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 quicksand 2 to sink

Russian meaning: 1 зыбучий песок 2 тонуть, погружаться

Karakhanid: üjük (MK, KB) 1, üjük- (MK) 2

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) üjük 'dregs in wine' (Qutb)

Turkmen: üjk 'slush'

Comments: EDT 271, 272.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *hujil

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: whirlpool

Russian meaning: водоворот

Written Mongolian: ujil, (L 604) ojil

Middle Mongolian: xujil (SH)

Khalkha: ujl

Ordos: uil

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *puju-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to boil

Russian meaning: кипеть

Evenki: huju-

Even: huj-

Negidal: xuj-

Spoken Manchu: fei- (348)

Literary Manchu: fuje-

Ulcha: puju-

Orok: puj-

Nanai: puju-

Oroch: xuju-si-

Udighe: xui-hi-

Solon: uji-

Comments: ТМС 2, 337-338.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *pu-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: надуваться, подниматься

English meaning: to expand, to rise

Georgian: puw-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): подниматься (о тесте); puwn- заквашивать (тесто)

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to rise (of dough); puwn- 'to leaven (dough)'

Megrel: pu-

Megrel meaning (Rus.): кипеть; pu-n- 'кипятить'

Megrel meaning (Eng.): to boil (intr.); pu-n- 'to boil (tr.)'

Svan: pw-

Svan meaning (Rus.): надуваться, подниматься; pwin-, püjn- надувать, заквашивать

Svan meaning (Eng.): to expand, rise; pwin-, püjn- 'to blow up, to leaven'

Laz: pu-; pun-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 192, EWK 361. Ср. ностр. *ṗuɣV 'дуть' (ОСНЯ: ПИЕ *pu(H), ПТМ *pū- (?), урал. *pū[ɣ]a); из картв. Иллич-Свитыч относит сюда же сван. pūl 'дуновение'.

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *puje

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): нагретый на огне, на пару

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *puʒe "

Proto-Itelmen: *puje-

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *puʒe "

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): сажа 1, запеченное мясо 2

Chukchee: puɛ́-pu ", pujɛ- 1

Koryak: puje- 2

Palan: puje " 2

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *puje- EA

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): греть на пару

West Itelmen: poja-z 1, poja-t-ǝz 2, poja-kaz 3

West Itelmen meaning: vaporare aliquem 1, vaporare 2, vaporario uti 3

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): zagrzewać parą, naparzać 1, wyziewać wapory 2, naparzać się 3

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