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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 828
Proto: *pura
English meaning: to bore
German meaning: Bohrer; bohren
Finnish: pura 'Stemmeisen, Bohrer', puras (gen. pur[h]aan) 'Haumeißel, Haueisen', puraa- 'Löcher stemmen'
Estonian: pura 'Instrument der Schmiede zum Durchschlagen von Löchern in Eisen'
Saam (Lapp): bǫrre -r- (N) 'edge', pårrē (L) 'Bohrer; Kante an Gegenständen'
Udmurt (Votyak): pi̮r (S), pǝ̑r (K), pị̑r (G) 'durch', pi̮ri̮č́a (S) 'Hohleisen'
Komi (Zyrian): pi̮r-ńol 'Bohrer', pi̮re̮d- (Lu.) 'durchbohren', pi̮r (P) 'durch, hindurch', pi̮riʒ́ (S) 'lange Brechstange, Eishaue' ( > Mansi TJ pärš 'Brecheisen')
Khanty (Ostyak): pŏr (V), păr (DN O) 'Bohrer', pŏrǝĺ (V), părǝt́ (DN), părĺi (O) 'Brecheisen, Eishacke'
Mansi (Vogul): porē̮. (TJ) 'Ahle, Pfriemen'
Hungarian: fúr- 'bohren, durchlöchern', fúró 'Bohrer, bohrend'
Proto-Samoyed: poreʔ (O) 'Bohrer, Wippenbohrer', pareŋo- 'mit dem Wippenbohrer durchbohren'
Selkup: pur (Ty.) 'Bohrer', pariŋ (KeO) 'Eishaue', pāraq (Tur.)
Kamass: pǝrijaŋ, pǝŕaŋ 'Bohrer', paŕaŋ 'Brenneisen, Bohrer'
Janhunen's version: (36) *pura
Sammalahti's version: FP *pura 'ice pick'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-smd,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *burV
Meaning: to cut, bore
Comments: [Other Drav. forms: *pūr_, *pōr_ in МССНЯ 363, *pōṛ- 'to split, cleave'; in Alt. cf. also *bóra 'divide']. There must be a similar root meaning 'fight, kill': cf. IE, as well as PA *bŭri 192; PK *brʒ́-, *borg-; ?PD *por- 'fight'; PIE *bhreus-, *bhreǵh-; see also Bomhard 1996, 141. Cf. PAN *paRo 'drill, pierce'.
References: МССНЯ 363, ОСНЯ 1, 186-187; ND 220 *buRu 'break' (Alt. + IE *bhreu-) distinguished from 221 *bUrV 'turn round, rotate' (Kartv. + Ur. + Ewk. buruk 'whirlpool' + SH *br- 'round, rotate') distinguished from 222 *buRV 'flint' (IE + TM *bura- 'flint' + some SH meaning 'cut, carve; flint') distinguished from 251 *buŕa 'pierce, bore' - all very dubious, but worth further consideration. nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *bhera-
Meaning: to beat, to hew, to struggle, etc.
Old Indian: {(Gramm.) bhrṇāti `versehrt' }
Avestan: tiži-bāra- `mit scharfer Schneide'
Other Iranian: NPers burrad `schneidet'
Old Greek: aor. phársai̯ = skhísai̯ EM, pharáō, -óō `pflügen', pháros n. `Pflug ?', á-pharo- `aphárōtos', pháraŋk-s, -aŋgos f. `Bergschlucht, Kluft, Tiefer Graben, Abgrund', ion. phársos n. `Stück, Teil'
Latin: feriō, -īre (OLat ferīnunt `feriunt') `stossen, hauen; treffen, berühren; schlachten'; ferentāriu, -ī m. `Wurfschütze'
Celtic: MIr bairenn, -end `Felsstück'
Albanian: bie, 2 pl. birni, imp. bierɛ `klopfe, schlage, spiele ein Instrument; falle'; brimɛ `Loch', birɛ id., brɛń, geg. bręj `nage'
Russ. meaning: бить, рубить и т. д.
References: WP II 159 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: боро́ться,
Near etymology: борю́сь, укр. боро́тися, ст.-слав. брати, борѭ, польск. (стар.) bróć się, в.-луж. wobróćso "защищаться", н.-луж. wobrojś -- то же.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. bárti, barù "бранить", возвр. "ругаться" (Остен-Сакен, IF 33, 208), лтш. bãrt, bar̨u, др.-исл. beria "бить", beriask "бороться", д.-в.-н. berjan, ср.-в.-н. bern "бить, стучать, наступать", лат. ferīo, -īre "бить, рубить, колоть", алб. bie "бью", 2 л. мн. ч. birni; см. Фик 1, 493; Бернекер 1, 76 и сл.; Торп 261; Траутман, BSW 27; М. -- Э. 1, 275; Г. Майер, Alb. Wb. 35. Согласно Мейе (MSL 19, 185), это первонач. атематический глагол.
Pages: 1,197
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *bar̂- (1) vb. tr., *bar-n-ia- n., *barn-i- f.
Meaning: scold
Lithuanian: bárti (bãra) `schelten', bárti-s `sich zanken'; barnì-s (gen. -iẽs), bar̃ni-s (gen. -iō) `Zank'
Lettish: bãrt (bar̨u, bãru)) `schelten, schmähen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *barjan-
Meaning: beat, thresh
Old Norse: berja wk. `schlagen, dreschen; töten'; bardagi m. `Schlag, Kampf, Strafe', { bora }
Norwegian: berja vb.
Swedish: dial. bärga vb.
Old Danish: bäriä vb.
Old English: berian `plagen, quälen'; bered `niedergeschlagen'
Old High German: { berien `schlagen, klopfen, kneten' }
Middle High German: bɛrn wk. 'schlagen, klopfen; kneten; (be)treten'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bùro ( ~ -o-, -ŕ-)
Meaning: to break, crush
Russian meaning: ломать
Comments: A reconstruction of *-ŕ- is also possible; in the latter case Turkic could have merged the root with *buŕ- < *mi̯uŕu q. v. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *burči-
Meaning: to crush, destroy
Russian meaning: ломать, разрушать
Written Mongolian: burči- (L 137) Khalkha: burša-, borči-
Buriat: buršī- 'to be wrinkled, rumpled'
Comments: Mong. > Kirgh. burǯugui 'корявый' and a number of other Kypch. forms.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bur-
Meaning: to crush, demolish
Russian meaning: ломать, уничтожать
Evenki: burgī-
Even: borgъ̣-
Comments: ТМС 1, 112. Cf. also Evk. borowun 'scraper (for bone)', burbenti- 'to break through' (ТМС 1, 96, 111). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *bǝ̀r-
Meaning: to break; to bend
Russian meaning: ломать; гнуть
Old Japanese: wor-
Middle Japanese: wòr-
Tokyo: ór-
Kyoto: òr-
Kagoshima: òr-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *br-
Russian meaning: вертеть(ся), вращать(ся)
English meaning: to spin, roll
Georgian: br-un-
Megrel: bur-
Notes and references: EWK 60 (ср. также груз. borbal- 'колесо'). В ОСНЯ 1, 186 относится к ностр. *bura 'сверлить' (откуда также ПИЕ *bher- 'ранить, сверлить', урал. *pura 'сверло, сверлить'; алтайский материал, видимо, недостоверен). Не вполне ясно. Возможно, следует разделять корни со значением "ранить, копать, сверлить" и "крутить, вращать" (в ПИЕ ср. также *bher- 'плести' = алт. *p`orV id.; ИЕ-картв. сравнение см. в Бомхард 1996, 142).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vār-
Meaning : to split, cut open
Proto-South Dravidian: *vār- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vār-
Meaning : to trim, cut
Tamil : vāru (vāri-)
Tamil meaning : to trim, as a palmyra leaf to write on
Malayalam : vāruka (vārnt-), vār_uka (vār_i-)
Malayalam meaning : to cut lengthwise, trim a palm-leaf, cut meat into strips
Kannada : bār
Kannada meaning : to make creepers of leather, cut leather lengthwise or in strips
Tulu : bāruni
Tulu meaning : to cut, chip, trim
Tulu derivates : caus. bārāvuni; bāraṇè, bāranè stripping the bark of a tree or cutting it lengthwise; bācuni to cut lengthwise, trim a palm-leaf
Number in DED : 5363
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vakr-ǝv-
Meaning : to cut into strips (meat to roast or to dry for pemmican)
Kota : vav- (vavd-)
Number in DED : 5363
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vār-
Meaning : to chip off the edges of palm-leaves, scrape off
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : vāru
Additional forms : Also [1] vāru, [2] vār_u strap of leather, thong
Number in DED : 5363
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *var-k-
Meaning : to saw
Kolami : vark- (varakt-)
Additional forms : Also Kolami (Pat.) varkeng to split wood
Number in DED : 5363
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *var-[a]-
Meaning : to cut open
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kui,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vrak- (*vark-)
Meaning : to cut up; a strip
Kui : vrapka (< vrak-p-; vrakt-) "to cut open and disclose contents"
Kuwi (Israel) : vārva "a strip of meat"
Notes : Kuwi_Isr vārva is probably borrowed.
Number in DED : 5363
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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