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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 887
Proto: *säće
English meaning: sister (of father or mother)
German meaning: Schwester (des Vaters od. der Mutter)
Estonian: (sõtse 'Großtante; Schwester' - rejected by Redei)
Saam (Lapp): siessa -s- (N) 'father's sister, paternal aunt', siessā (L) 'Vaterschwester', sīsse (T), sīss (Kld.), siess (Not.) 'Vaterschwester od. ältere Schwester der Mutter'
Komi (Zyrian): soć (S Peč. SO) 'Schwester'
Khanty (Ostyak): śaśǝ (Ni.), śȧśi (O) 'jüngere Schwester der Mutter od. des Vaters'
Mansi (Vogul): ćićǟ (TJ), śāś ēkoa (So.) 'Großmutter'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *SäwCV
Meaning: sister, woman?
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *swes-er- (Gr *hw-)
Meaning: sister
Tokharian: A ṣar, B ṣer (PT *(ṣä)ṣer) 'sister' (Adams 661)
Old Indian: svásar- f. `sister'
Avestan: xvaŋhar- 'Schwester'
Armenian: khoir, pl. khorkh `Schwester'
Old Greek: éor = thügátēr, anepsiós Hsch., pl. éores = prosḗkontes, süŋgenêis Hsch.
Latin: soror, -ōris f. `Schwester'; sobrīnus, -a `zur Schwester gehörig; Geschwisterkind', sobrīna f. `Kusine'
Celtic: OIr siur, acc. sïeir, gen. sethar, dat. sïeir; Cymr chwaer, OCorn huir, NCorn hoer, hor, Bret c'hoar `Schwester'
Russ. meaning: сестра
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: сестра́,
Near etymology: укр. сестра́, блр. сестра́, др.-русск., ст.-слав. сестра ἀδελφή (Остром., Супр.), болг. сестра́, сербохорв. сѐстра, зв. се̏стро, словен. séstra, чеш., слвц. sestra, польск. siostra, в.-луж. sotra, н.-луж. sоtšа, полаб. sestra.
Further etymology: Праслав. *sestra представляет собой преобразование основы на -r с корневым аблаутом; родственно лит. sesuõ, род. п. seser̃s, диал. sesė̃, др.-прусск. swestro, др.-инд. svásar-, авест. χvaŋhar-, арм. k̔оir, род. п. k̔еṙ (*svesōr, род. п. *svesrós), гот. swistar, лат. soror, др.-ирл. siur, греч. ἔορ ̇ θυγάτηρ, ἀνεψιός (Гесихий), тохар. ṣаr (из *ṣäṣar); далее, вероятно, связано с и.-е. возвратным местоим. *sve- + sōr "женщина", ср. др.-инд. tisrás ж. (диссимилированное из *tri-sres), cátasras (Мерингер, IF 16, 171; Траутман, ВSW 258; Гуйер, Dekl. 59; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 563; Торп 544; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 356; Хюбшман 504; Мейе -- Эрну 1125; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. I, 73; Сольмсен, Unters. gr. Lautl. 205). Ср. также прилаг. се́стрин, др.-русск., ст.-слав. сестринъ: лат. (соn-) sobrīnus "племянник, сын брата или сестры, кузен, двоюродный", лит. sеsеrуnаi мн. "дети брата или сестры" (Вальде--Гофм. 2, 550). От сестра́ образована сокращенная форма ся "сестрица", ся́нюшка, тверск. (Даль).
Trubachev's comments: [См. подробно Трубачев, Терм. родства, стр. 63 и сл., где и прочая литер. -- Т.]
Pages: 3,612
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *ses-ō̃ (-er-), *swes-r-ā̂ f.
Meaning: sister
Lithuanian: sesuõ, gen. seser̃s `Schwester'
Old Prussian: swestro `Schwester' V. 174
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *swistr-; *swizjá-z
Meaning: sister
Gothic: swistar f. (n) `sister'
Old Norse: süstir f. `Schwester'; Run. Norw swestar
Norwegian: süster
Old Swedish: swiri `Sohn der Mutterschwester'
Swedish: süster
Danish: söster
Old English: sweostor (swistor, swystor, swustor, -er, -ur), pl. sweostor/sweostra/sweostru f. `sister'; swiria, -an `sister's son'
English: [ sister < NG ]
Old Frisian: swester, suster; swire `status of cousin'
Old Saxon: swestar; swiri `Sohn der Mutterschwester'
Middle Dutch: suster
Dutch: zuster f.
Middle Low German: süster
Old High German: swester (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: swëster, md. suster, süster st./wk. f. 'schwester; titel geistl. frauen; klageschwester, -frau'
German: Schwester f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1948
Root: su̯esor-
English meaning: sister
German meaning: `Schwester'
Material: Ai. svásar-, av. x ̌aŋhar- `Schwester'; arm. k`oir ds. (*su̯esōr); Nom. Pl. k`or-k` (*su̯esŏres), Gen. Sg. k`eṙ (*su̯esros); gr. ἔορ [Vok.] θυγάτηρ, ἀνεψιός Hes., ἔορες προσήκοντες, συγγενει̃ς Hes.; lat. soror (dazu sobrīnus `Geschwisterkind, Nachgeschwisterkind', aus *su̯esr-īnos = aksl. sestrinъ `der Schwester gehörig', vgl. auch ostlit. seserė́nas `Schwestersohn'); air. siur `Schwester' (*su̯esōr), Dat. Akk. sīeir, Gen. sethar (Analogie nach māthir, Gen. māthar), cymr. chwaer, acorn.huir, mcorn. hoer, hor, bret. c'hoar; got. swistar (Gen. swistrs, Dat. swistr); aisl. syster, Pl.systr (urnord. swestar aus -ēr), ahd. swester (*-ēr!), ags. sweostor, suster; vor dem t-Einschub neugeschaffen sind as. aschwed. swiri `Sohn der Mutterschwester', ags. swiria `Schwestersohn, Wetter';
apr. swestro (in die ā-Dekl. übergeführt) mit w vielleicht durch nhd. Einfluß, denn lit. sesuõ, Gen. seser̃s und aksl. sestra (in die ā-Dekl. übergeführt) `Schwester' (auch FlN) setzen u̯-loses *sesor- voraus; toch. A ṣar, В ṣer `Schwester'.
Idg. *s(u̯)e-sor- zum Reflexivstamme se-, seu̯e-; zum Ausgang vgl. fem. ai. ti-sraḥ `drei', air. téoir (*trisores) ds.; enthält vielleicht doch ein *sor `Frau'? Oder aus *su-esor (S. 343) `eigenen Blutes'?
References: WP. II 533 f., WH. II 563, Trautmann 258, Benveniste, BSL 35, 104 f.; Pisani, Miscellanea G. Galbiati III, 1951, 7 f., M. Mayrhofer bei Brandenstein Studien 32 ff.
Pages: 1051
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ćoź-
Russian meaning: жена
English meaning: wife
Georgian: col-
Megrel: čil-/čir-
Svan: čoš-
Svan meaning (Rus.): coire
Svan meaning (Eng.): coire
Laz: čil-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 230, EWK 465. Климов (ibid.) сравнивает с ПЗК *sʷǝ(mǝ)c̣a 'женщина', что сомнительно (также привлекается авар. č̣užu, не имеющее сюда отношения).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVCV
Meaning : sister, woman?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *swḗsǝ
Meaning: bride, girl
Comments and references : -
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *s_wēsǝ
Meaning: bride
Notes: A common NC kinship term. Its original meaning can be reconstructed as 'bride'; the meaning 'daughter-in-law' in some Lezghian languages is a result of merger with the root *nŭsA which was lost there.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *sēsa-ḳ
Meaning: wife
Chechen: sēsag
Ingush: sesag
Comments: Cf. also Ing. (in Imnaishvili's notation) sjēsag. In early PN *šēs- would be expected; *sēs- is a result of assimilation (regular).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: sus:
Meaning: bride
Lak form: sus: (Arak.)
Comments: Cited from Khaidakov 1966.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *s:ʷes:
Meaning: 1 bride 2 daughter-in-law
Lezghian: sʷas 1,2
Tabasaran: š̌uš̌ 1
Agul: sus 1
Rutul: sus 1
Tsakhur: sos 1,2 (Mishl.)
Kryz: sɨs 1,2
Budukh: suz 1,2
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. sʷas, Akht. šʷaš, Nüt. xʷex, Tab. Düb. sus:u, Ag. Bursh. s:us:. Obl. stem *s:ʷes:a- (cf. Lezg. susa-, Khl. sʷasa-, Tab. š̌uš̌a-, Ag. susa-, Rut. súsɨ-, Tsakh. sos:a-). See Лексика 1971, 132; Талибов 1980, 314.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *śʷasa / *śasa
Meaning: 1 bride 2 girl
Adyghe: pśāśa 2
Kabardian: pśāśa 2
Ubykh: śasá 1
Comments: PAK *pśaśá. The available forms reflect various assimilations: PAK *pśaśá < *p-śasá ( < *śʷasa with a labial prefix); in Ub., besides śasá there exists also a variant sasá (cf. also Ad. sās 'girl (as address)'. The basic variant was obviously *śʷasa (PAK *ś can only go back to a labialized *śʷ).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *dasén
Meaning: girl, young woman
Yasin: dasén
Hunza: dasín
Nagar: dasín
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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