Uralic etymology :

Number: 911

Proto: *sikśe (*sükśe)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: autumn

German meaning: Herbst

Finnish: syksy, syys (gen. syyksen) 'Herbst'

Estonian: sügis (gen. sügise)

Saam (Lapp): čâk'čâ -vc- (N), tjaktja (L), čakč (T), čøχč, čø̄χč (Kld., Not.)

Mordovian: śokś, sokś, śoks (E), śokś, śoks (M)

Mari (Cheremis): šǝžǝ (KB), šižǝ̑ (U), šižǝ (M), šǝ̑žǝ (B)

Udmurt (Votyak): siźi̮l (S), śizel (K), śiźị̑l (G)

Khanty (Ostyak): sö̆ɣǝs (V Vj.), sĕwǝs (DN), sus (O)

Mansi (Vogul): tüks (TJ), täχ_os (KU), tǟks, täks (P), tak_os (So.)

Hungarian: ősz

Sammalahti's version: *s'üks'i (*s'-!)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sIKV

Meaning: autumn

Altaic: *sigí

Uralic: *sikśe (*sükśe)

Dravidian: SDR *sug-i 'harvest' (2255)

Eskimo-Aleut: *ciku (?)

References: МССНЯ 370; ND 2662 *zük(Vʔ)V 'edible cereals, harvest' ( + very dub. Alt., SH).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *sigí ( ~ z-, -e, -o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: rain, (snow) storm

Russian meaning: ливень, метель

Mongolian: *siɣurga

Tungus-Manchu: *sig-

Japanese: *sinkúrai

Comments: Miller 1976, 378; 1985, 149.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *siɣur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to blow (of snow storm) 2 snow storm

Russian meaning: 1 бушевать (о метели) 2 метель

Written Mongolian: siɣur- 1, siɣurɣa(n) 2 (L 701)

Middle Mongolian: ši'urɣan 2

Khalkha: šūra- 1, šūrga 2

Buriat: šūrga 2

Kalmuck: šūr- 1, šūrɣṇ 2 (КРС)

Ordos: šūrGan 2

Dagur: šōrgǝ 2

Shary-Yoghur: šūrGa 2

Monguor: śūrGa 2

Comments: MGCD 724. Mong. is the probable source of Turkm. sɨrɣɨn, Oyr. sɨrɣɨn, Tat. sɨraw etc. (see Лексика 49), as well as of Man. šurga- (see Rozycki 196).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sig-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 deep fog, mist 2 to cover (of fog, mist) 3 autumn

Russian meaning: 1 туман (густой) 2 застилать (туманом) 3 осень

Evenki: siglamāt- 2, siɣelese(nī) 3

Literary Manchu: siGan 1

Udighe: siga- 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 78, 79.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sinkúrai

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: drizzling rain (in autumn)

Russian meaning: моросящий дождь (осенний)

Old Japanese: sigure

Middle Japanese: sìgúrè

Tokyo: shìgure

Kyoto: shígúré

Kagoshima: shiguré

Comments: JLTT 523. Accent is not quite clear: RJ and Kagoshima suggest *sì(n)kúrài, but Kyoto and Tokyo - rather *sí(n)kúrái.

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *ciku

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: ice

Russian meaning: лед

Proto-Yupik: *ciku

Proto-Inupik: *ciku

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 77

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *ciku

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: ice, floe

Russian Meaning: лед, льдина

Chaplino: sikú (t)

Naukan: siku

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ciku

Chugach (Birket-Smith): ci̮kụq 'ice (both fresh and salt water)'

Central Alaskan Yupik: ciku

Nunivak (Peripheral): tciku*

PAME: *ciku

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 77

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *cịkụ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: ice

Russian meaning: лед

Seward Peninsula Inupik: siku ?

SPI Dialects: Imaq síɣu, W siɣu

North Alaskan Inupik: siku

NAI Dialects: B, Ingl siku*

Western Canadian Inupik: siku

WCI Dialects: Cor hiku*, M siku*

Eastern Canadian Inupik: siku

Greenlandic Inupik: siku (siko*), sikuʁšuit pl. 'lumps of ice'

GRI Dialects: EG ciɣiq, ciɣivīt pl. 'pack ice'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 77

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