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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ǯa-qan-
Meaning: to roast, fry
Ket: daqqɔt5 (North.); South. daqŋ5
Yug: d́aqŋ5
Kottish: čaiganaŋ "to burn", praet. čalauganaŋ, imp. čalaugan
Comments: ССЕ 309. A complex stem: the second part is evidently *ʔǝqan 'boil' (q.v.). Werner 1, 179 reconstructs <*d'aʔq, plur. *d'aqŋ>, not taking into account the interrupted Kottish paradigm.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ĭmʒ́Ĕr
Meaning: to roast
Comments and references : HGC 37, WFR 107. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ĭmʒ́Ĕr
Meaning: to bake, roast
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iž- Proto-West Caucasian: *źʷa Notes: A reliable common NC etymology, first proposed by Balkarov (1964, 100); see also Абдоков 1983, 158-159. An alternative comparison (Charaya 1912, 26) with Georg. c̣wa, Megr. č̣wala 'burn' can not be accepted. Labialisation in PWC is secondary: either due to a lost class prefix, or to the labialising influence of the lost -m- (cf. above about the secondary variant *-ĭmʒ́wĔr in EC).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=att-
Meaning: to bake, roast
Chechen: =att-
Ingush: =att-
Batsbi: =att-
Comments: Short vowel: cf. Chech. =ott-u, =ett-ira, Ing. =ott, =etta-.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iž-
Meaning: to bake, roast
Avar: =ež-
Chadakolob: =ež-
Andian language: =ež-
Akhvakh: =iž-
Chamalal: =ez-
Tindi: =ež-
Karata: =ež-
Botlikh: =ež-
Bagvalal: =ež-
Godoberi: =ež-
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=[i]š-
Meaning: to bake, roast
Tsezi: =eš-ad- (Radzhibov)
Ginukh: =eš-
Khvarshi: iš-an-
Inkhokvari: iš-an-
Bezhta: žiž-äh-
Gunzib: žǝž-
Comments: PTsKh *=iš-; PGB *ž[i]ž-. The PGB form is reduplicated. Vowel reconstruction not quite certain (Ablaut?).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: č:u=č:i-
Meaning: to burn
Lak form: č:u=č:i-n
Comments: G.pr. č:u=č:u-nu. Cf. Khosr. č:u=č:i-n id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=erc:- / *=uc:-
Meaning: 1 to bake, roast 2 to roast (grain)
Akusha: =erz-es 1
Chiragh: =erc:- /=uc:-
Comments: It seems worthwhile to note also PD *=imč:Vr- / *=umč:- 'to warm oneself, warm up' (Ak. =umž-es, Ur. =imǯVr- / =umǯ-) which can reflect a variant of the same EC root with a secondary labialisation ( *=ĭmʒ́wĔr). The non-labialised variant, because of the regular change *ʒ́ > *c:, is in PD confused with the reflex of PEC *=ĕrc_Ă 'to roast (grain)' q.v.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔič:ar-
Meaning: 1 to bake, roast 2 to boil
Lezghian: č:ra- 1
Tabasaran: u=ǯ- 1
Agul: už- 1
Rutul: ǯirǯe- 1
Tsakhur: k-e=že- 1
Kryz: ǯir- 2
Archi: čar- 1
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. uǯa-, Kryz. pres. ǯiǯri, imp. s-äǯir. Some of the forms are reduplicated (cf. Rut., Kryz. pres., Arch. imp. čarača). See Trubetzkoy 1930, 89; Лексика 1971, 247; Гигинейшвили 1977, 85.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *źʷa
Meaning: to roast, bake
Abkhaz: a-ʒ-rá
Abaza: ʒ-ra
Adyghe: źa-n
Kabardian: źa-n
Ubykh: žʷa-
Comments: PAT *ʒ́ǝ- (cf. also Bzyb. a-ʒ́-rá); PAK *źa-; Ub. a-z-žʷá-n. See Shagirov 1, 200 (with literature).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćer
Meaning: boil, cook
Lushai: čiar be thoroughly cooked (by boiling).
Comments: Cf. Kanauri chars 'dry'; perhaps also Miju sal id., Kir. *sär 'to boil, boil dry'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 煎
Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān
Preclassic Old Chinese: ćen
Classic Old Chinese: cen
Western Han Chinese: cjan
Eastern Han Chinese: cjan
Early Postclassic Chinese: cjen
Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjen
Late Postclassic Chinese: cjen
Middle Chinese: cjen
English meaning : to fry [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) выпаривать; подсушивать на огне; поджаривать; жареный; 2) засахаривать; засахаренный
Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is tiễn (with irregular tone).
Radical: 86
Four-angle index: 8590
Karlgren code: 0245 g
Vietnamese reading: chiên
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1655
Character: 煎
MC description : 山開三平仙精
ZIHUI: 3533 1829
Beijing: ćian 11
Jinan: ćiã 11
Xi'an: ćiã 11
Taiyuan: ćiɛ 1
Hankou: ćian 11
Chengdu: ćian 11
Yangzhou: ćî̃ 11
Suzhou: cî 11
Wenzhou: ći 11
Changsha: ciẽ 11
Shuangfeng: ćhî̃ 31
Nanchang: ćiɛn 11
Meixian: ciɛn 11
Guangzhou: čin 11
Xiamen: cian 11
Chaozhou: cieŋ 11
Fuzhou: cieŋ 11
Shanghai: cî 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: cien 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVRV
Meaning : roast, boil
globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ǯaʔar-
Meaning: cook, boil
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: d_ꜣr (gr)
Meaning: 'cook (v.)'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ʒar-
Meaning: 'boil'
Masa: zala-mo [Kr]
Mesme: zàr [Kr N 372]
Banana: zǝlwǝ̀ [Kr]
Notes: C 12 *zar 'boil' [Sy]. -l- < *-r- in Massa and Banana is possible
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mas,cchet-msm,cchet-bnn,cchet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ʔaǯVr-
Meaning: 'boil'
Tumak: ʔàǯǝ́r [Cp ?]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-tum,
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