Yenisseian etymology : List with all references

Proto-North Caucasian: *k_wɨlṭV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: some interior part of body

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ḳuṭul-

Proto-Tsezian: *kʷɨ̃ṭ ~ (*kõṭ)

Proto-Dargwa: *ḳulṭa

Proto-Lezghian: *k:ʷɨrṭ- (~-l-?)

Notes: In PD there occurred an assimilation (*k- > *ḳ-); otherwise correspondences are regular. Note that Darg. Chir. ḳuṭum 'kidney' is borrowed from Agul.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ḳuṭul-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kidney

Chadakolob: ḳuṭúli

Comments: Since the word is isolated (in Southern Av. dialects), a borrowing (from some Lezg. language?) is not excluded.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *kʷɨ̃ṭ ~ (*kõṭ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: urinary bladder

Bezhta: koṭ (Tlad.)

Gunzib: kõṭ

Comments: PGB *kõṭ. The relation of this root to PTsKh *gɨndor- 'kidney' (Tsez. gendori, Inkh. gɨndor) is yet to be investigated.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ḳulṭa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: belly, stomach

Chiragh: ḳulṭa

Comments: Cf. also Kait., Kub. ḳulṭa.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *k:ʷɨrṭ- (~-l-?)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kidney

Lezghian: durḳun

Tabasaran: gurdum

Agul: guṭul

Rutul: ḳuṭun

Tsakhur: ḳuṭun

Kryz: ḳʷaṭin

Budukh: ḳuṭun

Archi: gʷat

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Kur. t:urḳun, Khl. tuḳun, Akht. ṭuḳun, Yark. durgun, Tab. Kand. gurǯim ( < *gurdim), Ag. Bursh. ḳulṭum, Burk. guṭaj, Arch. pl. gʷat:-ur. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages.

The languages reveal suffixed forms with *-n (Lezg., Rut., Tsakh., Kryz., Bud.), *-m (Tab., Ag.), *-l,*-j (Ag.). The primary structure of laryngeal features (*k:ʷɨrṭ-) is probably retained in Ag. (guṭ-ul, guṭ-aj) and Lezg. Kur. (with metathesis t:urḳ-un). Forms in other languages and dialects have underwent a progressive or regressive assimilation (rather typical for roots of this structure). The vocalism is quite regular (Arch. and Kryz. -a- and -u- in other languages unambiguously point to *-ɨ- aftera labiovelar).

The resemblance to Pers. gurde 'kidney' (see Horn 1893, 202 for its Indo-Iranian etymology) is quite fortuitous (although Ud. gurdak: 'kidney' is obviously borrowed from Middle Persian and not related to other Lezghian forms): the loan is improbable both for phonetic reasons and because of the root's reliable EC etymology.

See Хайдаков 1973, 41.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *giṭ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: anus; intestines with inner fat

Nagar: giṭ

Comments: Sh. giṭ `Darmfett'

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *gult- (in *gult-sur̄in)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kidney

Bizkaian: kuntzurrun, guntzurrun, (Araba) gultzurrun

Gipuzkoan: gultzurrin, gultzurdun, gultzurdin, geltzurrin, giltzurrin

High Navarrese: giltzurdin, gultxurrun, (Lezaka) giltzurrin, (Esteribar) giltzurrun

Low Navarrese: giltzurdin, (Aldude) giltzurrin

Salazarese: giltzurrin, giltzurrun, giltzurdin

Lapurdian: geltzurrin, giltzurrin

Baztanese: gultxurrin

Zuberoan: gültzürrün

Roncalese: giltzurrin, beltzarrún, beltzurrún, beltxurrin, (Uztárroz) beltzurrin

Comments: *gult- exists only in compounds with *-sur̄in (q.v.). A bewildering array of variants, in which there are several secondary ‘folk-etymological’ associations with *urdin ‘blue, gray’, *gilc ‘joint’, and *belc ‘black’ (q.v.).