Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Yenisseian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *kup ( ~ g-)
Meaning: beak, lip, muzzle
Ket: kūp, pl. ku:ń
Yug: kup, pl. kufɨn
Comments: ССЕ 241. Werner 1, 459 *kuph (but Kott. hupar is a reflex of *χ[o]p q.v.).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xqwībV
Meaning: beak; jaw
Comments and references : HGC 24. Tenseness in PEC is not quite reliable, thus one should probably reconstruct *xqwVbVL . (in PY cf. also *qop- ~ χ- 'crop, craw'). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *q_wēbV (~-ɨ̄-)
Meaning: beak
Notes: A Lak.-Agul isogloss. Lak. pharyngealization is possibly due to the influence of qiIṭ 'beak; adam's apple'. Borrowing is not excluded, thus the PEC antiquity of the root is dubious.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Lak etymology :
Search within this database
Lak root: q:iIp:a
Meaning: beak
Lak form: q:iIp:a
Comments: Cf. also Khosr. q:iIp:i id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *qʷep: (~-ɨ-)
Meaning: beak
Agul: qup: (Burk.)
Comment: Isolated in Ag., but with a Lak. parallel.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kēp
Meaning: cheek, jaw
Kachin: šǝkap2 the jaw.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,
Search within this database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 頰
Modern (Beijing) reading: jiá
Preclassic Old Chinese: kēp
Classic Old Chinese: kēp
Western Han Chinese: kjāp
Eastern Han Chinese: kiāp
Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēp
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiēp
Late Postclassic Chinese: kiēp
Middle Chinese: kiep
English meaning : cheek, jowl
Russian meaning[s]: щека; за щекой, защечный
Radical: 181
Four-angle index: 8109
Karlgren code: 0630 h
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : KVPV
Meaning : chin, jaw
Afroasiatic : *ḳVp- (Ar., Chad.) 'chin, cheek'
Austric : PAA *ka:p 'chin, cheek'
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kópé 'face'.
Reference : ND 914, 1903. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-reference,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *kVṗV
Meaning: face, chin
Dravidian: SDr *kep- 'cheek, temple' (to be distinguished from *ken-)
Comments: [Drav. *kaviḷ may belong here rather than to *chew]
References: Bomhard 1996, 173; ND 914 *keṗ(.)V 'jaw, chin', 1903 *q̇äbV 'jaw' (probably two roots?). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Indo-European etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-IE: *g'ēbh-, *gēbh-
Meaning: jaw, gills
Russ. meaning: челюсть, жабры
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
Search within this database
Vasmer's dictionary :
Search within this database
Word: жа́бра,
Near etymology: укр. жа́бри мн., блр. же́бры, болг. жа́бри мн. (Младенов), чеш. žábra, слвц. žiabra "жабра, челюсть". Наряду с этим: блр. щи́бры (мн.) -- то же и зебры (см.).
Further etymology: Праслав. праформа и этимология окончательно не установлены. Mi. EW (405) сравнивает с лит. žióbris, žiobrỹs "густера, вимба, Abramis vimba". Точно так же недостоверно сравнение с англос. céafl "челюсть", др.-исл. kjǫptr -- то же, нов.-в.-н. Kiefer -- то же (Хирт, BB 24, 258; Леви, IF 32, 164), потому что последние сближаются с лит. žė́beti, žė́biu "есть неохотно; грызть передними зубами", авест. zafarǝ "рот, пасть, зев", др.-ирл. gop "клюв, рот" (см. Клюге-Гётце 292 и сл.). Высказывались также предположения о родстве с др.-инд. jámbhatē "хватает" и связи через чередование гласных с губа́ (Потебня, РФВ 4, 210; Брандт, РФВ 24, 179). Но, возм., др.-инд. слово родственно слову зуб (см. Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 97; Младенов 164). Ср. зе́бры.
Pages: 2,31-32
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
Search within this database
Germanic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Germanic: *kifta-z, *kiftu-z, *ka[b]la-z, , -ō
Meaning: jaw
Old Norse: kjapta wk. `reden, sprechen', kjapt-r, kjɔpt-r, kept-r m. `Kiefer, Kinnlade'
Norwegian: kjefta `lärmen, schelten'; kjeft
Swedish: käft
Danish: kjäft
Old English: ceafl, -es m. `bill, beak, snout, jaw, cheek'
English: jowl
Old Saxon: pl. kaflos `Kiefern'
Middle Dutch: kēvel m. `kaak, kinnebak, tandvlees'
Dutch: pl. kevels m. `kaakbenderen; tandelose kaken'
Low German: keve `Kiefer, Kieme'
Middle High German: kivel(e) m., kiuwel st. m. 'kiefer, kinnbacken', { kiver }
German: Kiefer m.; dial. Kiefe `Kieme'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-lg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
Search within this database
Pokorny's dictionary :
Search within this database
Number: 573
Root: ĝep(h)-, ĝebh-
English meaning: jaw, mouth
German meaning: `Kiefer, Mund; essen, fressen'
Material: Mit ph: av. zafar-, zafan- `Mund, Rachen', Partiz. Med. vī-zafāna, vgl. s-St. (neben r/n-St.) in ɵrizafah- neben ɵrizafan-; mit bh : gallorom. expressiv *gobbo-, air. gop, nir. gob `Schnabel, Mund';
germ. mit ph oder teilweisem bh anord. kjaptr oder kjǫptr (*keƀuta- oder *kefuta-) `Maul, Kinnbacke, Kiefer', mhd. kivel, kiver `Kiefer' (*kefra-) nhd. dial. kiefe `Kieme', ndd. keve `Kiefer, Kieme', wozu die Verben norw. kjava `sich zanken, streiten' (`die Kiefern rühren'), mnd. nd. kibbelen, kabbelen, kevelen `laut schwatzen', mhd. kibelen, kifelen `zanken', kiven, kiffen `nagen', kifelen `nagen, kauen'; dehnstufig anord. kāfl, as. cāfl, ags. cēafl (engl. jowl, jole) `Kiefer' (*kēfala-).
Dazu als `Nager':
ahd. chevaro, kevar, mhd. kevere `Käfer' (*kebran-); ablautend ags. ceafor (*kaƀra- oder*kaƀru-), ndd. kavel ds.;
lit. žėbiù, žė̃bti `langsam essen', žė́biu, žė́beti `essen, picken';
aksl. o-zobati `λυμαίνεσθαι', serb. zòbati `essen, fressen', zôb f. `Hafer', russ. zobátь `essen, picken', zob m. `Schnabel';
čech. žábra `Kiemen der Fische', russ. žábry ds. könnten das ž von der e-Stufe bezogen haben und eine Variante mit g- enthalten.
Ob ĝembh- `beißen' als nasalierte Form zu unserer Wz. gehört?
References: WP. I 570 f., Trautmann 364, Benveniste Origines 10 f., Kluge11 s. v. `Käfer' und `Kiefer'.
Pages: 382
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *kḗp`à
Meaning: face, shape
Russian meaning: лицо, форма
Comments: A good common Altaic root; the original meaning is 'face' or 'jaws', with a more abstract meaning 'shape' developed in the Western area (a very usual semantic development).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Turkic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *gēp
Meaning: form, example, image
Russian meaning: форма, пример, изображение
Old Turkic: kep ( ~ -i-) (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: keb ( ~ -i-) (MK) Sary-Yughur: kep
Turkmen: gǟp
Khakassian: kip
Shor: käp
Oyrat: kep
Chuvash: kap
Yakut: kiep
Tuva: xep
Kirghiz: kep
Noghai: kep
Karakalpak: kep
Kumyk: kep
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *keɣe
Meaning: ornament, form, example
Russian meaning: украшение, форма, пример
Written Mongolian: kege(n) (L 442) Khalkha: xē
Buriat: xē
Kalmuck: kē
Comments: KW 230. Mong. > Tat. kijä, Turk. kɨja etc. (VEWT 247). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Tungus etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kepe
Meaning: 1 jaw 2 gills 3 boards (on boat's front)
Russian meaning: 1 челюсть 2 жабры 3 передние доски (на лодке)
Evenki: kewe 1
Even: kewē 1
Ulcha: kepi(n) 2, 3
Orok: kepi 3
Nanai: kepĩ 2, 3
Comments: ТМС 1, 442-443, 451. Despite Poppe 1974, 132, Evk. kewe has nothing to do with Mong. köbege 'edge'. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
Search within this database
Japanese etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *kápúa
Meaning: face
Russian meaning: лицо
Old Japanese: kap(w)o
Middle Japanese: káfó
Tokyo: kào
Kyoto: káó
Kagoshima: káo
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
Search within this database
Kartvelian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳaṗ-
Russian meaning: челюсть, подбородок
English meaning: jaw, chin
Georgian: ni-ḳaṗ-, ni-ḳap-; ḳaṗ- 'to clash (of teeth, jaws)', ru-ḳaṗ- 'Baba Yaga'
Svan: ḳaṗ-räj, ni-ḳṗ-a, ni-ṗḳ-a; ḳaṗ- / ḳṗ- 'to clash (of teeth)'
Laz: ḳaṗ- 'to clash (of teeth)', ḳaṗḳaṗ- 'evil spirit'
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 148, EWK 184. Ср. ПИЕ *ǵep(h)- / *ǵebh- 'челюсть', алт. *Kep`a 'лицо, форма' (ср. также *q̇ab-), драв. *kavuḷ 'щека'. Ср. Бомхард 1996, 173.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 685018 | 3259424 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|