Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *qoń (~χ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beads

Ket: qōń; qondiś 'bead'

Yug: хon

Pumpokol: ССЕ 263. Werner 2, 127.

Comments: Ср. ПВК *χŏmɦV (/*mɦŏχV) "железо; железный предмет (в частности, бусы)" > лезг. χat, арч. χan 'бусы, четки', дарг. meh 'железо; подкова', ав. maχ: 'железо' и т. д. (см. NCED 815-816).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χ(k)ŭńɦV́

Meaning: beads

North Caucasian: *mɦŏχV (/*χŏmɦV)

Yenisseian: *qoń (~χ-)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *mɦŏχV (/*χŏmɦV)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: iron; an object made of iron

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *miχ:i

Proto-Lak: muħ

Proto-Dargwa: *meχ

Proto-Lezghian: *χan:(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (except that we would rather expect *muχ or *maχ in PD - thus it is not excluded that the PD form, as well as Lak. meχ:, is also a loanword). Since the root is often used for denoting objects made of iron (beads, horseshoe, hoe/mattock etc.), it seems tempting to compare Ub. maχʷǝ́ta 'hoe'. Phonetically the comparison seems satisfactory (presupposing PNC *mɦŏχU), but the Ub. word does not have cognates in other WC languages, and its morphological structure is not quite clear, so the problem needs further investigation.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *miχ:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 iron 2 trivet 3 tripod-lock 4 ploughshare

Avar: maχ:

Chadakolob: maχ 1,4

Akhvakh: miχ:i 3

Karata: maχ:e 3

Godoberi: miχ:i 2

Comments: Av. paradigm B~C (gen. maχ:ú-l, Chad. gen. maχí-l). Cf. also Akhv. miχ:i-ʁʷa 'frying pan' (Tseg. miχ:i-l ʁoma, Ratl. miχ:i-ʁʷama). The root is also used for 'iron' in the Akhv. compound rač̣ĩχ:e (Tseg. rač̣-miχ:i, Tlan. rač̣iχ:e, Ratl. rač̣i-miχ:i) (for the first part cf. =ač̣i-da- 'black'). The same root (or its derivates) means 'beads' in Av.-And. languages (obviously because small beads are made of iron or other metals): cf. Av. maχ: (pl. máχ:a-l), Akhv. meχ:i-la (Tseg. miχ:e-l, Ratl. miχ:i), Kar. maχ:i-di, God. miχ:i.

    Cf. also a derived word for 'hoe, mattock': Akhv. miχ:iƛ:i, Kar. Tok. maχ:iƛ:u.

    Av. maχ: > Lak. maχ (muχ:a-) 'iron'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: muħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sickle

Lak form: muħ

Comments: Cf. Khosr. muIħ 'crooked sickle'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *meχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 iron 2 horseshoe

Akusha: meh 1

Chiragh: meχ 1,2

Comments: Cf. also Kad. mih, Kub. miχ, Tsud. meχ 'iron', Ur. mirh (with an unclear -r-), Kait. meh 'iron; lock'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *χan:(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bead(s)

Lezghian: χat

Rutul: χad-bɨ (Khnov.)

Archi: χan

Comment: Lezg. has χat instead of *χad on analogy with the obl. base χt:-uni (which is regular). 4th class in Archi.

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