Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔińej ( / *ʔińeŋ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: being there

Ket: íńej, íńij, īŋ

Yug: īŋ

Kottish: ińi 'here', in-čaŋ 'from here', ińu 'this'

Comments: Werner 1, 367, 368, 369, 395 (without comparison and reconstruction).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nej (*HinV)

Meaning: to be, be there

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *nej be, rest

Yenisseian: *ʔińej ( / *ʔińeŋ)

Comments and references : Cf. PEA *-hēn 'stand'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nej (-t)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: be, rest

Tibetan: sńe (p. bsńes, f. bsńe, i. sńe ) to lean against, to rest on.

Burmese: nij to live, LB *nij to settle.

Kachin: nit² to sit.

Lushai: ni (niʔ) to be, to go, KC *ni is.

Lepcha: njí to be; to be in a certain place; to exist

Kiranti: *nä̀(s)

Comments: Kanauri ni is. Sh. 59, 134.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *nä̀(-s)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: be

Sunwar: na- to be (affirm., absol. classification)

Limbu: nemā (nessu) to place

Yamphu: nä:ʔma 'to put down', ne:ma 'to lie'

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: nɛ:maʔ, -nɛ:s-/-nɛ:-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: 1) vi. 2) vt.

Meaning: 1) lie, be lying down, repose, lie down; reside, dwell, stay, inhabit, be situated, stay the night; 2) put, lay something somewhere

Comments: 1) kɛnɛ:bai:? Are you going to lie down? 2) suʔwa kɔʔo: nɛ:sɛʔ! Put your bag down here!

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: nä:ʔma II

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <nä:d- ; nä:t- ; nä:->

Grammar: v.tr.

Meaning: to put down, to rest a burden

Comments: nä:ʔ.yuŋ.ʔin.u.ŋ.ä. (rest.put.NP.о3.EXAG.FCT) I'm going to rest my load.

Nepali: bisāunu

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : NVHV

Meaning : to stay, be, stand

Eurasiatic : *nV(w)HV

Sino-Caucasian : *nej (*HinV)

Austric : *ʔVn dwell, stay

Amerind (misc.) : *ni 'sit' (R 630)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *nV(w)HV

Meaning: to stretch, stand

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *nḗ

Uralic: *nOjV (*ńOjV) 'stretch'; Sam. *nu- 'stand'

Dravidian: *ńil- stand, *niv- stretch (perhaps from a root *ńi(w)-?)

Eskimo-Aleut: *ńǝvǝʁ-

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *nḗ

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to lie, put

Russian meaning: лежать; класть

Mongolian: *niɣu-

Tungus-Manchu: *nē-

Korean: *nū-b-

Japanese: *ná-

Comments: Martin 235, АПиПЯЯ 72, 94, 276. One of common Altaic monosyllabic verbs. Mong. reflects a suffixed form ( = Kor. nūb-); length in TM is exceptionally preserved in a monosyllabic root.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *niɣu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to hide, conceal

Russian meaning: прятать

Written Mongolian: niɣu- (L 579)

Middle Mongolian: ni'u- (SH), niu- (MA)

Khalkha: nū-

Buriat: ńū-

Kalmuck: nū-

Ordos: nū-

Dongxian: niu-

Shary-Yoghur: nū-

Monguor: nǖ- (SM 279), niu-

Comments: KW 281-282, MGCD 516.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *nē-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put

Russian meaning: класть

Evenki: nē-

Even: nē-

Negidal: nē-

Ulcha: nē-

Nanai: nē-

Oroch: nē-

Udighe: ne-de-

Solon: nē-

Comments: ТМС 1, 614-615. An old derivative may be *na-kan 'bed' (ТМС 1, 576).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *nūb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lie

Russian meaning: лежать

Modern Korean: nup- (nu-)

Middle Korean: nūp- (nūw-)

Comments: Nam 116, KED 365.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ná-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to lie 2 to sleep

Russian meaning: 1 лежать 2 спать

Old Japanese: na- 1, wi-na- 2

Middle Japanese: na- 1, i-na-, né-búr- 2

Tokyo: nè- 1, nè-mur- 2

Kyoto: nê- 1, 2

Kagoshima: né- 1, némur- 2

Nase: nɨ̀-Fùt- 1, nɨ̀burj- 2

Shuri: ní-ńtṑ- 1, nínǯ- 2

Hateruma: nù-ffìbìr- 1, nùff- 1

Yonakuni: nì-ndídú- 1, ǹtúr- `sit', nínd- 2

Comments: JLTT 734.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 613

Proto: *nOjV (*ńOjV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to stretch

German meaning: sich strecken, sich dehnen

Udmurt (Votyak): nujal- (M) 'sich dehnen, sich ausstrecken, sich in die Länge ziehen', nujt- (S M) 'ausdehnen, ausspannen'

Komi (Zyrian): ńojd- 'verfallen, sich abtragen, sich abnutzen', ńojkal- 'sich erweiteren, sich dehnen', ńo̯jd-, ńo̯jmun- (PO) 'расползаться; тянуться', ńo^.jøt-, ńo^.øt-, ńuøt- 'тянуть, протянуть, оттянуть'

Hungarian: nyújt- 'reichen; strecken, dehnen', nyúl- 'angreifen, anrühren; sich dehnen, sich strecken'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ńil-

Meaning : to stand

Proto-South Dravidian: *nil-

Proto-Telugu : *nil-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ńil-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nil-i-

Proto-North Dravidian : *il-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *nil-

Meaning : to stand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nil (nirp-, nin_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to stand, stop, halt, be steadfast, stay, continue, cease, be stopped, remain, wait, delay

Tamil derivates : nilavu (nilavi-) to be permanent, fixed, stay, exist, be in use, be extant; nilāvu (nilāvi-) to be permanent, fixed; niluvai standing, staying, balance, arrears; nilai standing, staying, firmness, stability, permanence, condition, state, place, stopping place, residence, depth of water allowing one to stand in, usage, custom; (prob. -v-, -nt-) to remain permanent, stay; (-pp-, -tt-) to obtain a footing, be settled, lasting, delay, be just deep enough to allow a man to stand (as a river); nilaippu permanence, continuance, durability, perseverance, persistence; nilaimai condition, state (as of affairs), standing posture, firmness, truth, probity; nir_patu the immovables, as the vegetable kingdom; nin_r_u always, permanently; nir_r_al standing, staying; nir_uttu (nir_utti-), nir_uvu (nir_uvi-) to set up, raise, erect, fix on a firm basis, determine, stop (as a person), defer, put an end to; nir_ai bringing to a stand, stopping, fixed position, strength of mind, self-control; nir_u (-pp-, -tt-) to put, set, place, create, construct, weigh, balance, decide; nir_uppān_ a balance

Malayalam : nilkka

Malayalam meaning : to stand, remain, last, stop, cease

Malayalam derivates : nilpu standing, arrears, balance; nilpikka to make to stand, appoint; nila standing, place, position, a stop, station in life, custom; nilama quality, state; nilekka to come to a stand, cease, get a footing, remain; nilavu balance, arrears; nir_uttuka to make to stand, stop; nir_uttu pause, stop; nir_uttikka to arrest; nir_ukka to weigh

Kannada : nil (nilt-/nind-), nilu, nillu

Kannada meaning : to stand still, stand, stand up, stop, stay, wait, remain, be left, last, remain fixed, cease, rest, endure

Kannada derivates : nila, nilu standing, that stands upright, remainder, balance, arrears; nilavu, niluvu standing, position, condition, height, that stands upright, cessation, leisure, resting place, place of abode; nilisu, nillisu to cause to stand, stop, cease, stay, etc.; niluvike, nilluvike standing, height; nillisuvike placing, etc.; nele standing, standing place, abode, place, basis, firmness, certainty, certain knowledge; nelasu to become established, stay, stand, obtain; nir_isu to put down, place, (PhB.) establish

Kodagu : nill- (nipp-, nind-)

Kodagu meaning : to stand

Kodagu derivates : nele halting place

Tulu : nilpuni, nilipuni

Tulu meaning : to stay, cease, become quiet

Tulu derivates : nilagaḍè, nilgaḍè settlement, conclusion, cessation; nilavu, nilāvu, nilevu balance, arrears, standing, residence; nilè, nelè firm, fast, abiding, quiet, still, calm; nileppu state, posture, station; nilevuni to be steadfast; nilpu pause, stop, interruption, stay, duration; nilpuḍuni to put a stop, cause to stop, make stand

Proto-Nilgiri : *nil-

Notes : The forms with alveolar -r_- are either old derivates or do not belong here.

Number in DED : 3675

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *nil-

Meaning : to stand, stand still, stop (kar_ nɨl- [buffalo] stands to be milked, has in negative optionally kar_ nɨs_-, e. g. kar_ nɨs_o ɨr buffalo which does not stand to be milked)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : nil-/nin- (nind_-)

Toda : nɨl- (nɨd_-)

Additional forms : Also Kota nilc- (nilc-), ninc- (ninc-) to make to stand; ? nel truth; Toda nilc- (nilč-) to stop (tr.), erect; nɨs_ a place; nɨs_ muxuḷm mist on hills in morning (in song; see 4892); nelp site of house

Number in DED : 3675

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *nil-

Meaning : to stand, rise, get up, last, continue, remain, exist, stop, stay, halt, cease, endure, be preserved or saved, survive

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : nilucu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : nelayu "to be established, stay"

Additional forms : Also nilupu to cause to stand, fix, place, stop, interrupt, restrain, save, preserve, adjourn, keep back, detain; n. standing, halting, cessation, stopping, a halt, stop, pause, rest; nilaka standing, halting; [1] nilukaḍa, [2] nilkaḍa id., remaining, staying, steadiness, firmness, permanence; [1] nilava, [2] niluva, [3] nilva remainder, balance, standing, duration, continuance; old, long-standing; niluvu standing, stature, height, standing crop; upright, erect, high, tall; nela place; nela konu to become firm, stay, be stand; nelavu place, abode, home, native country; neppu place, home, abode; neppu-konu to become firm

Number in DED : 3675

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ńil-

Meaning : to stand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : il- (ilt-)

Naikri : il-

Naiki : il-

Parji : nilp- (nilt-)

Ollari Gadba : nil-

Salur Gadba : nil- (nilt-)

Kondekor Gadba : niṇup- "to make to stand"

Additional forms : Also Naiki ilup-/ilp- to make to stand; Parji nitip- (nitit-) to make to stand

Number in DED : 3675

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nil-i-

Meaning : to stand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *nil-

Konda : nil- (niR-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *nli-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *nilc-/*nlic-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *nil-

Meaning : to stand

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : nittānā, nillānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : nitānā

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : nittānā (2sg. imper. nillā)

Muria Gondi : nit-

Seoni Gondi : nil- (nitt-)

Koya Gondi : nil- (nitt-)

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : nitānā, nilānā

Additional forms : Also caus. Gondi_Tr nilehtānā to make to stand, set up (a tent); Gondi_W nilahtānā, Gondi_Ph niccahtānā, Gondi_Mu nitih-, Gondi_S nipcah-, Gondi_Ko nilsp- to make to stand

Number in DED : 3675

Number in CVOTGD : 1977

Konda etymology :

Konda : nil- (niR-)

Meaning: to stand; cease or stop

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda nilp- to let stand; let stay, rest

Number in DED : 3675

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *nli-

Meaning : to stand

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : nil- (-t-)

Manda : li- (-t-)

Number in DED : 3675

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *nilc-/*nlic-

Meaning : to stand

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : nisa (nisi-) "to stand, stand still, be set; n. act of standing still"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : nīcali

Kuwi (Schulze) : nīnai

Sunkarametta Kuwi : ni'- (nit-)

Dongriya Kuwi : li- (-t-)

Kuwi (Israel) : niʔ-/liʔ- (nit-/lit-) "to stand up"

Additional forms : Also Kui_P nilpa (nilt-) to stand, be set up; Kuwi_F niphali, Kuwi_S niph'nai to cause to stand; Kuwi_Isr caus. nip- (-h-)

Notes : The seemingly unexplainable mess of correspondences eventually can be satisfactorily explained by the cluster *-lc-. In Kui *-lc- > *-c-, which regularly > *-s-. The causative form *nilc-p- > *nil-p-. In Proto-Kuwi the causative form has taken over the simple one, which explains the t-conjugation. Besides that, the following changes have happened: a) the final cluster *-lc- was lost in all dialects, so that the root has received a vocalic auslaut; b) in some dialects traces of this cluster were preserved in the reduced variant *nilc-p- > *nīl-p- > *nlī-p- > *lī-. On the external level this cluster is proved by forms like Gondi nilsp- 'to make to stand' and, more significant, by NDR.

Number in DED : 3675

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *il-

Meaning : to stand up

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ilnā (ilcas/illas) "to get up, rise to one's feet"

Malto : ile (ij-) "to stand"

Notes : The protoform of the infinitive was *ilcnā (maybe *iljnā).

Additional forms : Also KUR ijnā (ijjas) to be stationary in an upright position, rise to one's feet, stand on end, stop, halt, pause, maintain a fixed or steady attitude, persist, persevere; ildnā, ildaʔānā, iltaʔānā, ijtaʔānā to erect, set up, rest against; MLT ilde to make to stand.

Number in DED : 3675

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *ńǝvǝʁ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to lie on one's back

Russian meaning: лежать на спине

Proto-Yupik: *ńǝv[ǝ]ʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *nǝvǝʁ-, *nǝvʁala-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 233

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *ńǝv[ǝ]ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to lie on one's back

Russian Meaning: лежать на спине

Sirenik: jǝváʁmi ger.

Chaplino: nǝvǝ́χtaquq, nǝváʁmi ger.

Naukan: nǝváʁaquq

Chugach (AAY): nuɣǝʁ-

Koniag (AAY): nuʁ-

Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝvǝʁ-

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nǝvǝʁ-, *nǝvʁala-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to lie on one's back 1, to fall backwards 2

Russian meaning: лежать на спине 1, упасть навзничь 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: niʁvalaq- 1

SPI Dialects: Imaq nɨʁválaʁātoq (nɨʁválaŋāmi ger.) 1

North Alaskan Inupik: nivɨq- 1, nivʁallaq- 'to land on one's back'

NAI Dialects: Qaw nivʁalaq- 1

Western Canadian Inupik: niviq- 2, nivʁala-, nivʁallaq- 1

Eastern Canadian Inupik: niviq- 2, niʁʁala- 'to sleep on back', niʁʁalaŋa- 1

Greenlandic Inupik: niviʁ- 2, niʁfala-, niʁfaɫɫaʁ- 1

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 233

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔVn

Meaning: dwell, stay

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: ʔVn

Austroasiatic meaning: stay

Proto-Austronesian: *ian

Austronesian meaning: dwell, reside, live in a place

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: ʔVn

Meaning: stay

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Palaungic: *ʔɨn

Proto-Khmu: *ʔu:n

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ʔɨn

Meaning: to stay, be

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *ʔɨn

Proto-Plang: *ʔǝn

Proto-De'ang: *ʔu:n

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: to stay

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: ʔɨn

Paraok meaning: to stay

Wa: ʔɨn

Wa (dial.): ʔǝn.1

Wa (dial.) meaning: to put in ? < Loan

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang:

Meaning: to place, to put

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: ʔɨn.1

Bulang meaning: to place, to put

Konto: ʔan.1

Konto meaning: to place, to put

Samtao (Paulsen): ʔǝn.1

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: to put

References: P-384: *Vn.1

De'ang etymology :

Proto-De'ang: *ʔun

Meaning: to stay

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

De'ang: ʔu:n

De'ang-1: ʔu:n

De'ang-2: ʔu:n.2

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