Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *χ[e]ʔ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big

Ket: qɛʔ (North. qä⁴), pl. qēŋ (North. qäŋ⁴)

Yug: xɛʔ / xɛ:h, pl. xeŋ

Pumpokol: xääse (Сл), xeem, x́aese (Срсл), xеem, xäese (Кл)

Comments: ССЕ 300. Cf. also PY derivatives: *χ[e]b 'grandfather' (кет. qīp, pl. qibaŋ⁶ / qibáŋ / < qiba:ŋ³), Yug xep, pl. xebe:ŋ, Kott. hīpa, pl. hīpan, (Бол.) xip, Ar. (Лоск.) be-kib ( = "my grandfather")); *χ[e]ma 'grandmother' (Ket. qima, pl. qimaŋ⁶, Yug. xema, pl. xime:ŋ³, Kott. hīma, g. hīmi, pl. hīman, (Бол ) xima, Ar. (Лоск.) be-kime ( = "my grandmother")). Other attested morphological derivatives: Ket Kur. attr. qɛ:śi⁴ 'big', South. qaś⁴ 'chief', Yug xɛ:hs 'chief', Pump. x́a-ket 'chief' (Срсл.), xej-kit (Сл.) 'elder brother', (Срсл.) 'elder sister'; Ket qe-nda⁶, Yug xe-nda⁶ 'to grow (rarely), to cut (in big pieces)'; see also under *χɨji. Werner (2, 86, 90) contains only *χ[e]b and *χ[e]ma, reconstructed as <*qebǝ> and <*qemǝ>; the root *χ[e]ʔ itself is for some reason omitted.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦăχÉ

Meaning: big

North Caucasian: *ɦăχE

Yenisseian: *χ[e]-

Basque: *gehi

Comments and references : HGC 18. The -ʔ in PY is possibly a suffix here; it disappears without trace in all compounds and derivates.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦăχE

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔaχ:- (-ʁ-)

Proto-Lak: ha-

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔaχI-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaχIɨ-

Proto-Khinalug: iχer

Proto-West Caucasian: *χ́V

Notes: Correspondences are regular. The semantic variation ("more"/"enough"/"big" and "good") is also quite plausible.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔaχ:- (~-ʁ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: well (adv.)

Bezhta: aχo

Comments: Isolated in Bezht. (quoted from Лексика), but having rather probable external parallels.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: ha-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: enough

Lak form: ha-

Comments: Cf. also har, hari 'enough' (adverb, interjection). Since the original meaning is 'large, big', it seems possible to connect with this root also =uhara-s:a 'grown-up, old'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔaχI-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: good

Akusha: aħsi

Chiragh: aχI-ze

Comments: Cf. also Ur. aIħ-, Kub. aχI-.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaχIɨ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 big 2 enough 3 many

Tabasaran: aχIu 1

Agul: X̀a-f 1

Tsakhur: χIe-r-na 1

Budukh: l-äħ-ki 3

Archi: aχI 2

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *χ́V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: more

Abkhaz: ájħa

Abaza: a(j)ħa

Adyghe: nāh

Kabardian: naχ

Ubykh: ća-χ́

Comments: PAT *(ajǝ)-ħa (with a reciprocal prefix); PAK *ná-χ́ǝ (with a deictic prefix na-). In Ub. ća- is a comparative prefix. See Shagirov 1,281 with literature (justly singling out the common WC root morpheme *χ́V "more"; however, Shagirov's linking this root with PAT *ħaraḳǝ 'high' is probably wrong).

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *gehi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 quantity 2 more 3 (the) most, principal, first(-born) 4 elder, senior

Bizkaian: gei 1, geiago 2, geien 3

Gipuzkoan: gei 1, geiago 2, geien 3

High Navarrese: gei 1, geiago 2, geien 3

Low Navarrese: gehi 1, gehiago 2, gehien 3

Lapurdian: gei 1, geiago 2

Zuberoan: gehi 1, gehiago, gehigo 2, 4, gehien 4

Roncalese: gei 1, geiago 2, geien 3

Comments: In this analysis Bsq *gai / *e=kai 'thing, material' (q.v.) is a distinct etymon.

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