Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔāqV-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to leave; to drive, chase

Ket: aq, -aq; t..aq 'to leave; to drive, chase' (Werner 2, 223-224); 'to be left' > 'become' (Werner 2, 240); also 'to give' (d-á-v-aq 'er gibt ihm')

Yug: a:^hʁ-bɛt́⁴, a:^hχ⁴; 'to be left' > 'become' -t...a:^hx⁴ (Werner 2, 240); also 'to give' (d-a-b-a:^hχ 'er gibt ihm')

Kottish: thagājaŋ "to leave, abandon", praet. tholagōjaŋ, imp. thalai, pass. tholāgai; (Лоск.) guš-takan 'to drive a horse'

Comments: Werner 1, 49, 50 <*aʔǝqǝ>; see also notes to *ʔakV-. Note the coincidence of Kott. th-ag- = Ket. t-aq. Cf. also *qo-s- 'lead'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ărḳĔw

Meaning: to drive

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ărḳĔw

Sino-Tibetan: *khjŏ (~ gh-,-ǝ̆w)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ărḳĔw

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drive, urge; (be driven=) to go

Proto-Nakh: *=iḳ-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ḳVb-

Proto-Tsezian: *=eḳ- A

Proto-Dargwa: *=irḳ-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔa(r)ḳɨ

Proto-West Caucasian: *ḳ́ʷa

Notes: Cf. also HU: Hurr., Urart. ag- 'to lead, to bring; to lead away' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 57).

    Correspondences are regular, and the etymology seems quite satisfactory. The PN, PD (and probably PA) forms reflect the Ablaut grade *-ĭ-. See Абдоков 1983, 176.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *=iḳ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to lead, to drive

Chechen: =ig-

Ingush: =ig-

Batsbi: =iḳ-

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ḳVb- / *=iḳʷ(Vn)-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to drive, urge 2 to direct; to turn, return

Akhvakh: ḳab- (Ratl.) 1

Chamalal: =eḳʷn- 2

Comments: Akhvakh reflects stem II *ḳV-b-, Chamalal - stem I *=iḳʷ- with a nasal suffix.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔeḳ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to go, walk

Tsezi: iḳ-

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=irḳ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drive, urge

Akusha: =irḳ-/=urḳ (Ur)

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔa(r)ḳɨ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to go 2 to drive, urge

Tsakhur: h-a=ḳan- 1

Archi: a=ḳa- 2

Comment: Cf. also Arch. dur. =arḳu-r. In Tsakh. the root forms the aorist and imperative part of the suppletive paradigm of the verb "to go". It is also used with another preverb (ʔ-) and the causative auxiliary verb -ās in the meaning 'to drive, urge' (aḳan-ās). Reasons for -n-conjugation in Tsakh. are not clear. Since there are no Ag. or Tab. forms, it is impossible to establish whether there was a medial *-r- in PL (external data, in particular, Dargwa, suggest such a possibility).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ḳ́ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: go, walk

Adyghe: ḳʷa-

Kabardian: ḳʷa-

Ubykh: ḳ́a-

Comments: PAK *ḳʷa. With preverbs the same root is used in AK and Ub. for the meaning 'to come'. Shagirov (1, 216) compares also PAT *nǝ-q̇ʷa- 'walk, move', which is impossible phonetically.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khjŏ (~ gh-,-ǝ̆w)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: run

Chinese: 驅 *kh(r)o,-s drive (horses) forward; gallop, hasten.

Tibetan: dkju to run a race, ãkhju (p. ãkhjus) to run, ãgju (p. gjus) move quickly, rgjug, ãkhjug (p. khjug) to run.

Burmese: LB *kjǝwx > Akha cö to run with great speed.

Comments: Chepang kraw to run away. Coblin 128.

Chinese characters :

Character: 驅

Modern (Beijing) reading: qū

Preclassic Old Chinese: kho

Classic Old Chinese: kho

Western Han Chinese: khwa

Eastern Han Chinese: khwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwo

Middle Chinese: khü

English meaning : to drive (animals), gallop, drive out, drive away

Russian meaning[s]: 1) изгонять, выгонять; 2) мчаться, бежать; торопиться; 3) подстегивать лошадь

Comments: Also read *kho-s, MC khǜ (FQ 區遇) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 187

Four-angle index: 786

Karlgren code: 0122 c-f

Shijing occurrences: 54.1_

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 2528

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 驅

MC description : 遇合三平虞溪

ZIHUI: 7517 0977

Beijing: ćhy 11

Jinan: ćhy 11

Xi'an: ćhy 11

Taiyuan: ćhy 1

Hankou: ćhy 11

Chengdu: ćhy 11

Yangzhou: ćhy 11

Suzhou: ćhy 11

Wenzhou: ćhy 11

Changsha: ćhy 11

Shuangfeng: thy 11

Nanchang: ćhy 11

Meixian: khi 11

Guangzhou: khö_y 11

Xiamen: khu 11

Chaozhou: khu 11

Fuzhou: khü 11

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVRKV

Meaning : run, drive

Eurasiatic : *ʔurKV

Afroasiatic : Sem. *ʕrḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : *=ărḳĔw

Austric : PAN *makaw, *lakaw 'walk, go'

Reference : ND 147.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔurKV

Meaning: to run

Borean: Borean

Uralic: *urke

Dravidian: *ur_(uk)-

References: ND 147 *ʡuR(V)ḲV 'to flee'.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1689

Proto: *urke

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to go away, flee

German meaning: wegkommen, abgehen, fliehen

Finnish: urkene- 'wegkommen, abfahren, abgehen, sich entfernen'

Mordovian: orgod́e- (E), (v)oŕgod́e- (M) 'fliehen, die Flucht ergreifen'

Addenda: Liv. ur̄gǝ̑ 'fliehen, meiden'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ur_-

Meaning : to jump; to run away

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ur_-

Proto-Telugu : *ur_-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ur_k-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ur_-

Meaning : to jump

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : ur_ukku (ur_ukki-)

Tamil meaning : to jump, leap over

Tamil derivates : ur_uttai squirrel

Number in DED : 0713

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ur_-

Meaning : to retreat, retire, withdraw

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ur_u

Additional forms : Also ur_uku to jump, run away; ur_uta squirrel

Number in DED : 713

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ur_k-

Meaning : to dance; to run

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : uRk-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *urk-

Konda etymology :

Konda : uRk-

Meaning: to run away

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 713

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *urk-

Meaning : to dance

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Israel) : urk- (-it-)

Number in DED : 713

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