Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *ăjV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: good, fitting

Russian meaning: хороший, подходящий

Turkic: *ăja-

Mongolian: *(h)aja

Tungus-Manchu: *aja, *aju-

Comments: KW 3, Владимирцов 282 (Turk.-Mong.), EAS 97, 139, Poppe 66 (with an unreliable Korean parallel), АПиПЯЯ 290, Дыбо 12. A Western isogloss. Because of a semantic difference, TM forms are hardly borrowed from Mong., despite Doerfer MT 46.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ăja-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to esteem 2 to pity, look after 3 very

Russian meaning: 1 почитать 2 беречь, жалеть 3 очень, сильно

Old Turkic: aja- 1, ajɨ 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aja- (MK) 1, 2, ajɨ 3 (KB)

Turkish: aj- 2, aja- dial. 1

Tatar: aja- 2

Middle Turkic: aja- 1 (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: aja- 2

Uighur: aji- 2

Azerbaidzhan: ajin 'cult, ceremony'

Turkmen: aja- 2

Khakassian: aja- 2, aj 3

Shor: aja- 2 (in ajabān 'remorseless')

Chuvash: oja- 'to care'

Tuva: aj 'well'

Kirghiz: aja- 2

Kazakh: aja- 2

Noghai: aja- 2

Bashkir: aja- 2

Balkar: aja- 2

Karaim: aja- 2

Karakalpak: aja- 2

Kumyk: aja- 2

Comments: VEWT 10-11, EDT 267-8, ЭСТЯ 1, 101-102, Федотов 2, 298. Deriving *aja- 'to respect, esteem' from *aj 'fear' (VEWT 11) is hardly plausible. Clauson (EDT 182) thinks that OUygh. ajɨ 'very' is an unusually early example of the elision of -g in ańɨɣ 'evil', which means 'very' in many OUygh. texts, but this is hardly plausible phonetically; so it may belong here, together with Khak. aj 'very' (although the final narrow ɨ is a problem). Sevortyan relates here also SUygh. ajɨɣ 'good omen, good luck', but this may be a reflex of OUygh., Karakh. ajɨq 'vow, promise' (EDT 270).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)aja

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: favourable circumstances

Russian meaning: благоприятные обстоятельства

Written Mongolian: aja (L 22), aji

Khalkha: aja

Buriat: aj-dar, aja

Kalmuck: ajǝ

Ordos: aja

Comments: KW 4.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *aja, *aju-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 good 2 handsome, beautiful 3 to save, help

Russian meaning: 1 хороший 2 красивый 3 спасать, помогать

Evenki: aja 1, aj(ū)- 3

Even: aj 1, aj(ị)- 3

Negidal: aja 1

Literary Manchu: aj-luŋGa 2, aj-sila- 3

Jurchen: aju-bulu (419) 3

Ulcha: aja 1

Orok: aja 1, ajụ- 3

Nanai: ai, ajā 1

Oroch: aja 1, ai-či- 3

Udighe: aja 1, ai-sigi- 3

Solon: ai, aja 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 18-20. Man. > Dag. ajšilā- 'help' (Тод. Даг. 119).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔVjV

Meaning: good, proper

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ăjV

Dravidian: *ī̆j- (*e-)

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ī̆j-

Meaning : to agree; proper, possible

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *Ij-a-

Proto-Telugu : *īj-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *Ij-a-

Meaning : possible; to agree

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : iyal (iyalv-, iyan_r_-; iyali-)

Tamil meaning : to be possible, befall, be associated with; accept, agree to, approach, resemble; n. fitness, good conduct, likeness, nature, quality

Tamil derivates : iyalpu nature, proper behaviour, goodness, propriety; iyalvu nature, means of attaining; iyar_r_u (iyar_r_i-) to do, effect, cause to act, control the movements of, create, compose; iyar_r_i, iyar_r_al effort; iyar_kai nature, custom; iyai (-v-, -nt-) to be agreeable, agree, harmonize, resemble; (-pp-, -tt-) to join, connect, adapt; iyaipu union, harmony, appropriateness; iyaivu union, joining together; icai (-v-, -nt-) to fit in (as one plank with another), harmonize, consent, agree; (-pp-, -tt-) to bind, resemble; n. union, harmony; icaippu combination, joining so as to fit in, joint; icaivu agreement, consent, suitability

Malayalam : iyaluka

Malayalam meaning : to agree, go fairly, be proper

Malayalam derivates : iyal what is proper; nature, condition; strength, power; iyar_r_uka to cause, induce; ikar_r_uka to cause, effect; iyappu joint, joining together; iyayuka to be agreeable, harmonise; iyaykkuka to join (tr.); iśayuka to agree, join together; iśaykkuka to join (tr.); iśal style, what is proper

Kannada : īlu

Kannada meaning : attachment, as that of animals to men, of children to parents

Kannada derivates : esagu to engage in, undertake, commence, do, make, perform; (PBh.) esaka action, deed, work

Tulu : iyaruni, iyavuni

Tulu meaning : to be sufficient

Number in DED : 0471