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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *tinkir-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to swear
Russian meaning: клясться
Old Japanese: tig(j)ir-
Middle Japanese: tígír-
Tokyo: chigír-
Kyoto: chígír-
Kagoshima: chìgìr-
Comments: JLTT 767. Modern dialects point rather to *tìnkìr-.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *t`aŋgiri
Meaning: oath, God
Russian meaning: клятва, божество
Turkic: *teŋri / *taŋrɨ
Mongolian: *taŋgarag
Tungus-Manchu: *taŋgura-
Japanese: *tinkir-
Comments: An interesting common Altaic religious / juridical term. The proposed etymology presumes that the meaning 'sky' in Turkic is secondary ( < 'God'); if it is not the case, one could accept S. Georg's thesis about a loan in Turkic < Yenisseian *tɨŋgVr- 'high' (see Georg 2001) - although we must admit that other loans from Yenisseian are unknown to us.
altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *teŋri / *taŋrɨ
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 god 2 sky, heaven
Russian meaning: 1 бог 2 небо
Old Turkic: teŋri 2 (Orkh.), 1, 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: teŋri 1, 2 (MK, KB)
Turkish: tanrɨ 1
Tatar: täŋre 1
Middle Turkic: teŋri 1 (Sangl., MKypch. - CCum., AH et al.)
Uzbek: taŋri 1
Uighur: täŋri 1
Sary-Yughur: teŋer 2
Azerbaidzhan: tanrɨ 1
Turkmen: taŋrɨ 1
Khakassian: tigǝr 2
Shor: tegri 2
Oyrat: teŋeri 1, 2
Chuvash: tora 2
Yakut: taŋara 1
Dolgan: taŋara 1
Tuva: dēr 2
Tofalar: dēre 2
Kirghiz: teŋir 1, 2
Bashkir: täŋre 1
Balkar: tejri 1, 2
Karaim: taŋrɨ, teŋri 1
Karakalpak: täŋir 1
Salar: tanru (ССЯ) 1
Comments: VEWT 474, TMN 2, 577, EDT 523-524, Федотов 2, 252, Stachowski 217. Turk. > Mong. teŋgeri > Evk. tiŋeri, Sol. teŋer (see Doerfer MT 236).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *taŋgarag
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: oath
Russian meaning: клятва
Written Mongolian: taŋɣaraɣ (L 776: taŋɣariɣ)
Khalkha: taŋgarag
Buriat: tangarig
Kalmuck: taŋɣǝrǝg (КРС)
Ordos: taŋGarik
Dagur: taŋgarag (Тод. Даг. 165)
Comments: Mong. > Sol. taŋarag, Man. taŋgarik, taŋkari, see Doerfer MT 139, Rozycki 202.
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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *taŋgura-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to bow (in front of gods while praying) 2 to tell fairy-tales
Russian meaning: 1 кланяться (перед кумирами во время молитвы) 2 рассказывать сказки
Even: taŋrān- 2
Literary Manchu: tanǯura- 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 161, 163.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-reference,

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