Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mila-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wide open, broad

Russian meaning: широко раскрытый

Literary Manchu: mila, mila-χun

Comments: ТМС 1, 536. Attested only in Manchu, but having probable external parallels.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ólo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: full, to fill, thick

Russian meaning: полный, наполнять, толстый

Turkic: *bol

Mongolian: *mel- / *möl-

Tungus-Manchu: *mila-

Korean: *mīr-

Japanese: *mǝ́r-

Comments: Note traces of nasalization in Turkic (should one reconstruct *bonl?). Cf. also *mìlt`e.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bol

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: abundant, full

Russian meaning: обильный, полный

Turkish: bol

Tatar: mul

Uzbek: bɔl (Chag.), mɔl (Uzb.)

Turkmen: bol

Chuvash: püle-mes; pül-lǝ 'stalwart'

Kirghiz: mol

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 184-185.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *mel- / *möl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be full, become full 2 quite, full

Russian meaning: 1 быть полным, наполняться 2 вполне, полный

Written Mongolian: melmeji- (L 534), melmelǯe- / mölmülǯe- (L 535, 546) 1

Khalkha: melmij-, melmelʒe- 1

Buriat: melmelʒe- 1

Kalmuck: melmɛ:- 1, mel 2

Ordos: melčirme- 1, melǖ, melē

Comments: KW 260.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *mīr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tide

Russian meaning: разлив, прилив

Modern Korean: mīlmul

Middle Korean: mīr-mɨ́r (mɨ́r 'water')

Comments: Nam 234, KED 697.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *mǝ́r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to fill, heap up

Russian meaning: наполнять, нагромождать

Old Japanese: m(w)or-

Middle Japanese: mór-

Tokyo: mòr-

Kyoto: mór-

Kagoshima: mór-

Comments: JLTT 727.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *malV

Meaning: plenty, abundant

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *mal- / -e-

Altaic: *mi̯ólo (cf. also *mìlt`e 1294)

Uralic: ? *mElV 'to pass, fit'

Kartvelian: ? *mrtel-

Dravidian: *mal- (?+ *miḷ- 'great, prosper' (DED 3990] )

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *meɫ-, *meɫ " 1 (~ -l-)

Comments: Niv. malɣo- 'многочисленный'. Sem. *ml' 'full'.

References: МССНЯ 331, ОСНЯ 2, 41; ND 1410 *mälʔV 'full, much' ( + Sem.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *mel-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: many, very

Old Greek: mála `sehr, ganz, gar, durchaus'

Baltic: *mil-n-a- adj.

Latin: melior, melius `besser'; multus, -a `viel; gross, sterk'

Russ. meaning: много

References: WPII 292

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *mil-n-a- adj.

Meaning: many

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lettish: milns 'sehr viel' }

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1260

Root: mel-4

English meaning: strong, big

German meaning: `stark, groß'

Material: Gr. μάλα `sehr', μα̃λλον `mehr' (für *μέλλον = lat. melius eingetreten nach θα̃σσον, θα̃ττον : τάχα), μάλιστα `am meisten'; lat. melior `besser' (ursprüngl. `*stärker'); multus `viel' (*ml̥to-); hierher multa, älter molta `Strafe, Buße', multō, -āre `bestrafe', Dialektwort, vgl. osk. moltam `multam', moltaum `moltare', multasikad `multaticia', umbr. motar `multae', mutu `multa' (*ml̥tā `Vergütung, Ersatz'; vgl. germ. *bōtō `Buße': *bata- `besser'); lett. milns `sehr viel'.

References: WP. II 292, WH. II 63 f., 123 f.

See also: Eine durch ĝ(h) erw. Wurzelf. ist vielleicht melĝh- `schwellen', s. dort.

Pages: 720

PIE database: PIE database

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1835

Proto: *mElV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to pass, fit

German meaning: hineingehen, Platz haben

Finnish: (melkeä 'ziemlich groß')

Saam (Lapp): (mälkat 'ziemlich groß')

Khanty (Ostyak): mel- (V Vj.) 'hineingehen, an den Fuß gehen, passen (Schuh an den Fuß, Kleidungsstück beim Anziehen' ?

Hungarian: méltó 'würdig, wert', méltat- 'würdigen; übergeben, übersenden; liefern, leisten' ?

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *rt-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: соединять, делать(ся) цельным

English meaning: to join, make whole

Georgian: rt-; mrteli, mteli 'whole, healthy'

Megrel: [rt]; tar-i 'healthy'

Laz: [rt]

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 136, EWK 244 (в обоих источниках приводятся только формы, восходящие к *m-rt-eli 'целый, здоровый'). Не исключена этимологическая связь с *ert- "один" (q.v.).

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *mal-

Meaning : to abund; fertile, rich

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *mal-

Proto-Telugu : *mal-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *mal-

Meaning : fertile, rich

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : mal

Tamil meaning : fertility, richness, strength

Tamil derivates : malar (-v-, -nt-) to abound, become full; mali (-v-, -nt-) to abound, be plentiful, be full, increase, be proud, become large, swell, spread, expand; malipu excess, abundance; malir (-v-, -nt-) to flood, come frequently; malivu abundance, fullness, cheerfulness; malku (malki-) to increase, abound, grow, flourish; mallal strength, abundance, wealth, fertility, richness, elegance, brilliance, beauty; mallai richness, fertility, greatness

Malayalam : malika

Malayalam meaning : to abound, overflow

Malayalam derivates : malekka to grow thick, swell; malka to abound

Kannada : male

Kannada meaning : to be raised or elevated, be haughty, be puffed up, insolent, act in an overbearing manner

Kannada derivates : malya great, big, chief, principal; mallaḷi a large concourse, crowd; (PBh.) mammala, malamala excessively

Tulu : malla, mallavu, mallāvu

Tulu meaning : great, large, big, extensive, chief, principal, important, loud

Tulu derivates : mallastigè, mallādigè greatness, superiority, loftiness, pride; mallāye a man senior in age, rich man, grown-up man; fem. mallāḷụ

Proto-Nilgiri : *mal_-

Number in DED : 4729

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *mal_-

Meaning : a flood

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : mas_n

Additional forms : Also Toda mas_ fertility, in: mas_ fōr- (fod-) (child) is delivered (-k, to a woman), mas_ foṛ- (foṭ-) to bring forth (-k, a child)

Number in DED : 4729

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *mal-

Meaning : (Śaŋk., K.) to spread, (B) rejoice, be pleased, eager, delighted, shine, be splendid, unfold, display

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : malayu

Additional forms : Also malucamu superior, fine; mallaramu pride, arrogance; mallaḍi a crowd

Number in DED : 4729

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *meɫ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): хороший, добрый

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *meɫ-

Proto-Itelmen: *mel-

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *meɫ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): хороший, доброкачественный

Chukchee: mɛ́l-

Koryak: meɫ- (I)

Palan: mel- (I)

Alutor: mal-

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *mel- E

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): хороший

Itelmen: mel-lah 1

Itelmen meaning: хороший, добрый 1, сильно, хорошо, как следует 2, добро, благо 3

Number in Volodin 1976: 55

Comments: Возможно тот же корень в композите зап. камч. mali-kanez 'garrire, fabulare' (Дыбовский 1 138) буквально 'хоpошо говоpить'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : MVLV

Meaning : full

Eurasiatic : *malV

Afroasiatic : *mVʔVl-

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *mVʔVl-

Meaning: gather, be full

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *mVlVʔ- 'be full'

Berber: Ahaggar amâli 'tout, entier'

Central Chadic: *mul- 'gather'

East Chadic: *mwaʔVl- 'gather'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1052

Proto-Semitic: *mVlVʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'be full'

Hebrew: mlʔ

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *mul-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ramasser' 1, 'prendre' 2, mettre' 3

Mbara: mùl 1, 3[TrMba]

Mulwi: mìlì 1, 2 [TrMlw]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *mwaʔVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'gather'

Kera: móolé

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