Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *šelu A (~š:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: horn

Tsezi: šilu

Khvarshi: šeru

Inkhokvari: šelu

Bezhta: šelo

Gunzib: šelu

Comments: PTsKh *šeRu, PGB *šelu.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ś_wōɫV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a hollow tube

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *š:ʷVlV

Proto-Tsezian: *šelu A (~š:-)

Proto-Lezghian: *sol (~s:-)

Notes: The comparison seems plausible; the semantic development (*'tube' > a) 'horn'; b) 'gullet') is rather usual in NC.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *š:ʷVlV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pipe 2 tubular bone 3 arm (from hand to elbow)

Avar: šulu (Ants.) 1

Andian language: tom-š:il 2

Chamalal: na-s:ul 2

Tindi: han-š:al 3

Karata: hani-š:el 2

Comments: The Andian languages have preserved the root only in compounds: *honi-š:ʷVlV "marrow (brain)"+"pipe" ( = 'tubular bone') or *tomV-š:ʷVlV (And. tomš:il) with a not quite clear first component (see the discussion under *tamHV 'sinew').

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *sol (~s:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 gullet 2 top (of boot)

Rutul: lɨs 1

Kryz: sɨl 2

Comment: 4th class in both languages. Despite metathesis in Rut., the comparison is quite probable: cf. the external evidence and note that the meanings "gullet, throat" and "top of boot" are sometimes interchangeable (cf., e.g. Lezg. q:uχ meaning both).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śwV́ɫHV

Meaning: tube, vein

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ś_wōɫV

Yenisseian: *daʔr₁

Burushaski: *ṣúli

Basque: *suɫɦo

Comments and references : BCD 33.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *daʔr₁

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew

Ket: daʔĺ, pl. daĺeŋ⁵ (кур. daĺǝŋ⁵)

Yug: daʔr, pl. darɨŋ⁵

Kottish: tal, pl. tálaŋ "Sehne, Faden"

Comments: ССЕ 219. Werner 1, 179 <*daʔʎ>.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ṣúli

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: Gewehrlauf; Schnabel (an einem Gefäß); Rohr zum Anblasen des Feuers

Hunza: ṣúli

Nagar: ṣúli

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *suɫɦo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hole 2 cave 3 make holes, dig holes 4 hollow, gully

Bizkaian: zulo, zilo, zillo 1, zulotu, zilotu 3, (Aulestia) sulo 1

Gipuzkoan: zulo 1

High Navarrese: zulo 1, ziloka 2, xillotu 3, (Goizueta) zolo 1

Low Navarrese: zulho, zilho 1, ziloka 2, zilotu, xillotu 3, (Isturitze) ziloka 4

Salazarese: zilo, zillo 1

Lapurdian: zulho, zilho, xilho 1, ziloka 2, zilotu, zilhatu 3

Baztanese: ziloka 4

Zuberoan: zilo, xilo 1, ziloka 2, zila(tü) 3

Roncalese: xillo 1, xillotu 3

Comments: The diminutive/expressive forms xilo, xillo, etc. have become usual in ZBR and RNC. As noted by Mitxelena, medieval place names have only zulho or zulo, thus the oldest form is postulated to have been *suɫɦo. This is a component of compounds such as (GIP) ipurt-zulo 'anus', eztar-zulo 'pharynx', (ZBR) südür-xílo 'nostril', etc. Cf. Lezgi sulu-r 'throat'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVLV

Meaning : intestine

Eurasiatic : *ć'VlV

Afroasiatic : *saly- ~ *sil-

Sino-Caucasian : *śwṓɫV

Reference : МССНЯ 344; ND 2056.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *[c']VlV

Meaning: intestine

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *si̯ŏlo

Uralic: *śola

Kartvelian: *ć̣el-

Comments: Expected *ć in Ur.

References: МССНЯ 344; ND 2056 *ś[oy]l[U] 'intestines'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ŏlo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: some internal organ

Russian meaning: назв. внутреннего органа

Turkic: *solak

Mongolian: *söl-

Tungus-Manchu: *silu-kta

Comments: A Western isogloss. Cf. *ši̯ằĺi (with possible contaminations). {Cf. WMo šalǯa 'overcooked meat', Ewk. silamačin 'мясо с верхней части ног медведя}.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *solak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 spleen 2 gills

Russian meaning: 1 селезенка 2 жабры

Karakhanid: solaq (MK)

Khakassian: palɨx sulazɨ 'молоки' (Борг., Kach.)

Chuvash: sola 1,2

Comments: VEWT 427, EDT 826, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 57.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *söl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: testicles

Russian meaning: testiculi

Kalmuck: sölzɛ̄

Comments: KW 333.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *silu-kta

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: intestine

Russian meaning: кишка (тонкая)

Evenki: silu-kta

Even: hịltъ̣

Negidal: sịlta

Orok: sịlụ-qta

Oroch: sulukta

Udighe: sulukta

Solon: š́ilụkta

Comments: ТМС 2, 85. Evk. > Dolg. hɨlukta (Stachowski 118).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 986

Proto: *śola

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: intestine

German meaning: Darm

Finnish: suoli (gen. suolen) 'Darm', dial. 'Mitte des Leibes', dial. suolikko 'Stelle der Gedärme, Mitte des Leibes'

Estonian: sool (gen. soole) 'Darm'

Saam (Lapp): čoalle -l- (N) 'intestine, gut, entrails', tjā̊llē (L) 'Darm', čĭøⁱlle (T), čuøⁱll (Kld.), čueⁱll (Not.)

Mordovian: śulo, śula (E), śula (M)

Mari (Cheremis): šol (KB), šolo (U B)

Udmurt (Votyak): śul (S K G)

Komi (Zyrian): śul (S) 'Darm'; sita^.n-śu (P) 'Mastdarm'

Khanty (Ostyak): sol (V), sut (DN), sol (O) 'Darm'

Sammalahti's version: *s'ola

Yukaghir parallels: šole 'Darm'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ć̣el-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: кишки

English meaning: entrails

Georgian: c̣el-

Megrel: č̣i, č̣ǝ

Svan: č̣inč̣il

Laz: (m)č̣u

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 249, EWK 521. Ср. алт. *siaĺwi "мясо, мускул, кишки', урал. *siwĺV id.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *saly- ~ *sil-

Meaning: (woman's) belly, womb with a foetus, pregnancy

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *šaly-(at-) 'afterbirth, placenta; foetus, embryo'

Low East Cushitic: *sil- 'pregnant (of woman)'

High East Cushitic: *salay/ʔ- 'belly; pregnant; embryo; lineage'

Omotic: *šil- 'belly'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2203

Proto-Semitic: *šaly-(at-) {} *saly-(at-)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: afterbirth, fetal membranes

Akkadian: silītu, šelītu, šalītu 'afterbirth; womb (poet.)' OB, SB [CAD s 264], [AHw 1043]

Hebrew: šilyā 'Nachgeburt' [KB deutsch 1411]; PB šālīl 'embryo' [Ja 1583].

    Cf. šālāl šäl bēṣīm 'embryonic eggs laced together with veins; ovary of birds' [Ja 1585]

Judaic Aramaic: šilyǝtā, šilyā; silyǝtā, sīlǝtā 'afterbirth' [Ja 1584; 995]; šillūlā 'embryo, birth' [ibid. 1579]

Syrian Aramaic: šǝlītā; šǝlā 'secundina; membrana foetum tegens' [Brock 778]

Mandaic Aramaic: šulita 'membrane enveloping the foetus' [DM 454]

Arabic: salaⁿ 'membrane qui enveloppe le foetus' [BK 1 1133] (<*salay-); salīl- 'fils' and 'foetus mâle' [ibid. 1117]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): sayl 'foetus, embryo' [LGz 522] (metathesis of y)

Tigre: sǝlät 'placenta, afterbirth' [LH 169]

Tigrai (Tigriñña): šǝlät 'feto ancora nel ventre della madre; placenta o seconda delle bestie' [Bass 218]; šǝl 'feto ancora nel ventre della madre [ibid. 215]

Amharic: šǝl 'foetus, embryo, conception' [K 603]

Gurage: MSQ šǝl šäkkätä 'to be in the first stage of pregnancy' [LGur 577] (šäkkätä 'to arrange, make, do, etc.' [ibid. 576]), MUH šǝr, GYE šīr (<*sil), CHA EŽA ENN šǝrǝr (<*silil) 'embryo' [ibid. 577].

    On *l > r in GUR see [ibid. XLIII-XLIX])

Notes: See another pattern, *šalīl-, in HBR PB, ARM JUD, ARB and part of GUR (all with the meaning 'embryo').

    Note s- instead of the expected š- in part of AKK and ARM JUD forms.

    [Fron 37-38] (*šily-at- 'placenta, šalīl- 'embrione' /TGR,ARB,SYR,HBR,AKK; ARB,JUD,HBR PB/); [Holma 106]: AKK, ARB, SYR, HBR; [KB deutsch 1411]: HBR, ARM, AKK, ARB; [Brock 778]: SYR, MND, HBR, ARB, TGR, AKK; [LGz 522]: GEZ, ETH, HBR, ARB, AKK, ARM

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Low East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *sil-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pregnant (of woman)'

Dasenech (Geleba): siile Huds HEC 117

lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-gel,

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High East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-High East Cushitic: *salay/ʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'belly; pregnant; embryo; lineage'

Hadiya (Gudella): saalasiḥ-te 'belly' Sass Bur 163

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): saláy 'belly; lineage'; salʔ-áysi 'prematurely born emryo' Sass Bur 163 (probably ayši, cf. anʔ-áyši 'chin, beard'; áši pers. pron. 2nd sing. 'thou')

Kambatta: salaan-cu-ta 'pregnant (of woman)' Huds 116, salaaʔn- 'be pregnant (of woman)' ibid 117

hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-had,hecet-bmb,hecet-kmb,

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Omotic etymology :

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Proto-Omotic: *šil-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'belly'

Ometo: Bencho, She šil

omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-ome,

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