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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *hǝ̃s:
Meaning: one
Tsezi: sis
Ginukh: hes
Khvarshi: has
Inkhokvari: hos
Bezhta: hõs
Gunzib: hǝ̃s
Comments: The PTs paradigm: *hǝ̃s:, obl. *s:ɨ-. The oblique base is preserved in Gunz. sɨ-d, Bezht. si-d; it is also reflected in the Tsez form sis which is a contamination of former direct and oblique bases. Cf. also Gunz. se-n 'everything', se-se 'some', very probably derived from the same root.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *cHǝ̆
Meaning: one
Proto-West Caucasian: *zV Notes: The initial cluster *cH may explain some irregularities in reflexation (the most severe ones - not explainable by interlingual borrowings - are strengthening *s- > *s:- in PL and voicing in PWC). It is possible that the monosyllabic structure *cHǝ̆ itself is a contraction < *cǝħV or *ħǝcV - in which case the PTs form should be considered as the most archaic one. Cf. also š(V)- in Urart. š(V)-usǝ 'first', as well as HU *suj- > Hurr. šui(-ne), Urart. šuinǝ 'all, every' (cf. a similar semantic development in several EC languages), see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 38. See Trubetzkoy 1930, 274; Абдоков 1983, 153.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *cħa
Meaning: one
Chechen: cħaʔ
Ingush: caʕ
Batsbi: cħa
Comments: The final glottal stop is probably secondary (like in other numerals), but it led to an assimilatory development *cħaʔ > caʕ in Ing. (cf. without it forms like cħä "single", cħa-nne /obl. base of caʕ/ etc.).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ci-
Meaning: one
Avar: co
Chadakolob: šo
Andian language: se-w
Akhvakh: če-be
Chamalal: se-b
Tindi: se-b
Karata: ce-b
Botlikh: se-b / ce-b
Bagvalal: se-b / ce-b
Godoberi: se-b
Comments: Some languages have irregularly preserved the affricate *c- (Kar., Botl., Bagv.; cf. also And. Kvankh., Zil. ce-b). This should be probably explained by Avar influence. Derived from the same root is the PA adverb *ca-ru / *ca-nu (~-o-) 'together' (Kar. sa-ru, God. sa-nu, Cham. sa-n).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ca
Meaning: one
Lak form: ca
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ca
Meaning: one
Akusha: ca
Chiragh: ca
Comments: Cf. also Ur. ca, Kub. sa etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *s:a
Meaning: one
Lezghian: sa
Tabasaran: sa
Agul: sad
Rutul: sa
Tsakhur: sa
Kryz: säd
Budukh: sad
Archi: os
Udi: sa
Comment: Evidence for strong *s: : Ag. Bursh. s:a-d; Arch. (in compound numerals) s:e-j-; Ud. sa. It is probable, that Rut. sije-nä 'all' is derived from the same root (as well as Rut. Ikhr. sa-sa-na 'every'). See Бокарев 1961, 69; Гигинейшвили 1977, 89.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: sa
North Caucasian etymology: 2314
Meaning: one
Khinalug form: sa
Comments: The root contains an irregular s- (c- would be expected), and thus may have been influenced by Lezg. languages.
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *zV
Meaning: 1 one 2 once
Abkhaz: z-nǝ 2
Abaza: za-ḳǝ 1
Adyghe: zǝ 1
Kabardian: zǝ 1
Ubykh: za 1
Comments: PAT *zV; PAK *zǝ.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HVcǝ̆́
Meaning: one
Comments and references : The NC root also means `all' (`everyone') and thus may also match PST *che ( ~ *śe) `every, all' 1561; see HGC 17, HGC 21; in Bur. cf. perhaps also -́ice `alone, separated from others'. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔĭt (~ɣ-)
Meaning: one
Burmese: ać a unit, one.
Comments: Kanauri id. Ben. 94.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 一
Modern (Beijing) reading: yī
Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔit
Classic Old Chinese: ʔit
Western Han Chinese: ʔjǝt
Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjǝt
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjit
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjit
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjit
Middle Chinese: ʔjit
English meaning : be one, single, whole
Russian meaning[s]: 1) один, единица; 2) единство; одинаковый; объединить; 3) весь; целиком; 4) раз...; как только...; 5) при повторении глагола обозначает однократность действия
Comments: As in some other cases, Viet. has secondary nasalisation of the initial.
Radical: 1
Four-angle index: 1
Karlgren code: 0394 a-d
Go-on: iti
Kan-on: itu
Japanese reading: ichi;itsu;hitotsu
Vietnamese reading: nhất
Jianchuan Bai: ji6, ji5
Dali Bai: ji6, ji5
Bijiang Bai: e6
Shijing occurrences: 25.1, 25.2, 40.2, 40.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1
Character: 一
MC description : 臻開三入質影
ZIHUI: 0001 0707
Beijing: i 11
Jinan: i 11
Xi'an: i 11
Taiyuan: iǝʔ 41
Hankou: i 12
Chengdu: i 12
Yangzhou: iǝʔ 4
Suzhou: iôʔ 41
Wenzhou: iai 41
Changsha: i 4
Shuangfeng: i 12
Nanchang: it 41
Meixian: jit 41
Guangzhou: jat 41
Xiamen: it 41 (lit.); cit 41
Chaozhou: ik 41
Fuzhou: eiʔ 41
Shanghai: iîʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: i 43
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *ʔi[t]
Meaning: one
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: i:bum
Grammar: num.
Meaning: one.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: ikko
Stem: 574
Grammar: num.
Meaning: a) one b) a
Comments: a) ikko ka:.ghä:.tt.ä läz. (one cry.PROC.PF.FCT NW) It had struck one. b) is used as an indefinite article in much the same way as Nepali euṭā but is never joined to the numeral quantifier for humans <-paŋ>; ikko damai.däm.beʔ yu:s.a.j.iŋ. (one damāī.POS.LOC descend.PT.DU.EXPS) We descended to the house of a tailor. ikkweʔ ergative/instrumental form, alone, on one's own, by oneself.
Nepali: ek, euṭā
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *χu-sa
Meaning: one
Ket: qūś (attr., inanim.), pred. quśǝm6
Yug: xus (attr., inanim.), pred. xusɛ6
Kottish: hūča; Ass. (Бол.) xanči-xit "one", huča (Кл.) "one"
Arin: khuzej (Ф., Срсл.) "one"; kuisa (Стр.) id.; qúsej (М., Сл., Кл., Ф.) id.; kusa in kusamančau (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл., Ф.) "nine"; (Лоск.) kus-ket "one"
Pumpokol: xúta (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "one"
Comments: ССЕ 306. Cf. also the derivative *χus-baŋ "вместе" > Ket qujvaŋ6, Bak., Sur. qujbaŋ6, Yug xujbaŋ5,6 (let us note *-sb- > -jb-) = Kott. hušpaŋ. PY *χusa is a compound the first component of which is also present in other forms: Ket qɔʔk, Yug xɔʔk 'one' (anim.); Kott. hūpiga 'alone'. As for *-sa, the same root is also present in Kott. al-še-n 'one time', as well as in PY *de-s '(one) eye', *pa-s '(one) time' q.v. etc. Werner 2, 132 <*qus / *qut>, 2, 122 <*qoʔk>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *he-
Meaning: one
Yasin: hen, han, hek
Hunza: hin, han, hik
Nagar: hin, han, hik
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVCV
Meaning : one
Afroasiatic : *ʔVs-
Amerind (misc.) : *as 'one' (R 529) [+ K]; also *saka (actually *as-ka) 'one' (R 527) [+ K] globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *ʔVʔc
Meaning: one
Austroasiatic meaning: all
Proto-Austronesian: *asa, *esa, *isa
Austronesian meaning: one
Proto-Thai: *ciɨC (Li)
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ʔǝt / *ʔɨc
Meaning: all
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,aaet-asli,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic:
Meaning: all
Proto-East Katuic: TAO ʔǝiʔ
katet-meaning,katet-prnum,katet-ekat,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: chʔe:t
Meaning: be gorged, full, satuated
References: JP70
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-ref,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic: *ʔǝt
Meaning: all
Presyllable: #
Modern Mon: ʔuit
Old Mon: ʔut
Middle Mon: ʔuit
Nyakur: ʔǝt.L
Nyakur meaning: be used up
References: V124; S-20
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-mm,monet-tc,monet-tcme,monet-bib,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ʔɨc
Meaning: all
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prpl,
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Plang etymology :
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Proto-Plang: *ʔɨc
Meaning: all
Bulang: ǝik.1
Bulang meaning: all
Bulang-1: taŋ.31 ʔǝik.51
Bulang-1 meaning: all
Konto: ɨc.1
Konto meaning: all gone
Samtao (Paulsen): uc.1
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: all
References: P-449: *ǝc.1
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-sbl,prplet-sblme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-bib,
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Aslian etymology :
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Proto-Aslian: *bǝ(t)ʔVt
Meaning: good
Kensiw: bǝʔɨt
Jahai: bǝtʔɛt
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-ken,asliet-jhi,
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