Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *kẽ B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair

Khvarshi: ka

Inkhokvari: kõ

Bezhta: kera

Gunzib: kera

Comments: PTsKh *kǝ̃, obl. *kǝRa- (cf. Khvarsh. kala-, Inkh. with analogous nasalization kõla-), PGB *kera. The oblique stem in PTs must be reconstructed as *kera- (cf. the situation in PTsKh); it had substituted the former direct base in PGB.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *kɨ̆wrV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair

Proto-Nakh: *kur

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *karHV (~ -o-)

Proto-Tsezian: *kẽ B

Proto-Dargwa: *kur

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The combination with -w- is reconstructed to account for the labialised vowel in PN and PD; it also explains a specific behaviour of -r- (as if it were in a cluster with a laryngeal).

    Abdokov (1983, 75) tries to connect the root with PAK *sakʷǝ 'mane' (q.v.), which is hardly justified.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *kur

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tuft of hair, forelock

Chechen: kur

Comments: Obl. base küra-. The word is isolated in Chech., but has reliable external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *karHV (~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair

Avar: kar

Akhvakh: kari

Chamalal: čā

Tindi: ḱara

Comments: Av. paradigm A or C (pl. kára-l). Cf. also Cham. Gig. čaj (which points to the combination *-rH- in PA).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *kur

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: horse's mane

Chiragh: kur

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kɨ̆wrV́

Meaning: hair

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *kɨ̆wrV

Sino-Tibetan: *ră (*k-ră)

Comments and references : HGC 19.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rǝ̆ (*k-rǝ̆)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hair

Chinese: (?) 氂 *r_ǝ hair.

Tibetan: skra the hair of the head.

Kachin: kǝra³ the hair on the head, cf. also (H) lǝga the hair, esp. of a dead person.

Comments: BG: Dimasa kho-ro, Garo skho hair; Namsangia kho head; Kanauri kra. Sh. 123, 427; Ben. 38.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : hair, head

Eurasiatic : *q̇irV

Sino-Caucasian : *kɨ̆wrV

African (misc.) : ? Cf. Bantu *-gụ́ídí 'hair'.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *q̇irV

Meaning: head

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *k'ar-; *k'eras-, *k'rās- 'head; hair'

Uralic: BF *kīrek 'crown of the head'

Kartvelian: Georg. q̇ira 'Kopfstand'

References: ND 1157 *ḲirHV ( = *q̇[i]rʕV) 'top, crown of the head'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *k'ara-, *k'eras-, *k'rās-

Meaning: head

Hittite: harsar n. (r/n) 'Kopf', Luw., h.l. harmahi- id. (Tischler 184ff with doubts); kit-kar 'zu Häupten' (596-597)

Tokharian: B krāñi 'nape of the neck' (Adams 214)

Old Indian: śíraḥ n. (nom., acc. ) `head, skull', gen. śīrṣṇáḥ, abl. śīrṣatáḥ; śīrṣá- n. `head, upper part'

Avestan: sarah- n. 'Kopf'

Armenian: sar `Höhe, Gipfel, Abhang'

Old Greek: kárǟ n. `Kopf', ep. gen. karǟ́atos, dat. -ati, pl. -ara; gen. krǟ́atos/krǟ̂tos, dat. -ati, pl. -ata (old -s-stem); hom. epì kár `auf dem Kopf'; éŋkăro-s 'the brain'; íŋkro-s m. = eŋképhalos Hdn.Gr., Hsch.; aná-kar 'up to or towards the head' (Hp. ap. Hal.); kárǟno-n, pl. -a, äol. karanno-n n. `Haupt, Kopf, Bergsgipfel'; krǟnío-n n. `Schädel, Hirnschale; Kopf', -krǟno-n `Kopf' (epí-, potí- , olé-, kio(nó)etc.), krǟno-kopéō `den Kopf abhauen'

Germanic: *xir-z-n-iá- n., *xir-z-n-án- m., *xír-s-an- m.

Latin: cerebrum, -ī `Gehirn', cervīx, -īcis f. `Nacken, Genick'

Celtic: Bret kern `Scheitel, Wirbel des Kopfes'

Russ. meaning: голова

References: WP I 403 f

Comments: Cf. *k'era(w)-, *k'rū- #487 'horn'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xirzniá-n, *xirznḗn; *xírsēn

Meaning: brain

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: hjarni m. `Gehirn'; hjarsi, hjassi m. `Scheitel'

Norwegian: hjerne

Swedish: hjärna, hjärne

Danish: hjerne

Old English: härn (~ härne ?), -es m., n.? `brain'

Middle English: pl. hernes

English: dial. harns

Dutch: pl. hersenen, hersens, heersens

Middle Low German: hē̆rne, harne

Old High German: hirni (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: hirn(e), hërne st. n. 'hirn, gehirn'

German: Hirn n.

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