Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ʷel A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bark 2 birch bark

Tsezi: q̇Iul 1

Ginukh: q̇ʷil 1

Khvarshi: q̇ʷel (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: q̇Iʷel 1

Bezhta: q̇eq̇el-ba 2

Comments: PTsKh *q̇ʷeR. The Bezht. form is reduplicated (and has a plural suffix -ba).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇wăɫV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bark, crust

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇ʷVli

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ʷel A

Notes: An And.-Tsez. isogloss. We could perhaps relate here the isolated (within Lezghian) Agul (Burk.) q̇ʷali 'bush', but the semantic difference is still to be explained.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q̇ʷVli

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crust, rind

Akhvakh: q̇oli

Comments: Isolated within Andian, but having good Tsezian parallels.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *q̇wăɫV́

Meaning: bark, skin

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *q̇wăɫV

Burushaski: *ɣVl

Basque: *kVl

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ɣVl

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: scurfs (in hair)

Yasin: ɣel

Hunza: ɣuliáŋ

Nagar: ɣuliáŋ

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *kVl

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 shell (of egg, nut) 2 bark (of tree) 3 (finger-)nail 4 empty chestnut, chestnut shell 5 husk (of maize) 6 chestnut burr

Bizkaian: oskol 1, atz-oskol 3, mokol 1, 5, mokolo 5, koskol 4

Gipuzkoan: koskol 4, 6

High Navarrese: oskol 2

Baztanese: akal 4

Comments: Various compounds (*oś-kol, *koś-kol, *mo-kol(o), *a-kal) involving the element *kVl < PSC *q̇wăɫV́. *mo- and *a- could represent fossilized class prefixes.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVRKV

Meaning : fruit

Eurasiatic : *bVrq̇wV

Sino-Caucasian : *pĭ́rqwĂ

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *bVrq̇wV

Meaning: fruit

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *bhrūg-

Kartvelian: *berq̇en-

Dravidian: *piṛi-k-, -l-

References: ND 257 *b[i]ŕ(uw)q̇a 'edible fruit'.

Indo-European etymology :

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *berq̇en-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: лесная груша

English meaning: wild pear

Georgian: berq̇ena

Svan: barq̇wen-, bärq̇en

Svan meaning (Rus.): лесная слива

Svan meaning (Eng.): wild plum

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 54, EWK 51. Интересно сопоставить ПСК *pĭrq_wĂ 'вид фрукта (абрикос, персик)', см. NCED 873.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *piẓi-k-, -l-

Meaning : mango fruit

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *piṛi-k-, *piṛi-l-

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *piṛi-k-, *piṛi-l-

Meaning : ripe mango

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : piṛika, pṛīka

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pṛīl-a

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pṛi-[l]-

Konda etymology :

Konda : piṛika, pṛīka

Meaning: green mango

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : piṛka

Number in DED : 4184

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pṛīl-a

Meaning : green mango

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : pṛīla

Manda : pṛīla

Number in DED : 4184

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pṛi-[l]-

Meaning : unripe mango

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : pṛia

Kuwi (Mahanti) : pṛilā

Notes : The -l- is indeed confirmed by external data, although as a suffix. Therefore, the word may go back to *piṛ-la > Kui *piṛ-ɣa > *pṛi-ɣa > *pṛi-a.

Number in DED : 4184

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