Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *jirχIa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat, hit

Agul: jarX̀-

Rutul: =ɨχIa-

Tsakhur: ɨχIa-

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. jirX̀a-s, Tp. jirħa-s, Rut. dur. =ɨ-rɨχIa-r. In Rut. and Tsakh. the vowel -ɨ- can either reflect PL *i before a pharyngealized consonant or the Ablaut grade *-ɨ- (in Ag. -a- is a result of assimilation, cf. the more archaic forms in Ag. Bursh. and Tp.).

    The root has also a nominal derivate meaning 'wound' (a usual semantic development in NC languages): PL *jirχIo-na (Ag. jarX̀un, Rut. jiχIɨn, Tsakh. oχIna).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *HīrχA

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat, hit, throw

Proto-Nakh: *t-ōχ-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=uχ- ( ~ -q-)

Proto-Lak: χ:Ia-

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔirχI-

Proto-Lezghian: *jirχIa-

Proto-Khinalug: t:-äχ-

Proto-West Caucasian: *p(ǝ)χIa-

Notes: A common NC expressive verb. As with other verbs of "beating", several languages have derivates meaning "wound" (cf. Chech. darχ-, PD *χIa-na < *(Hīr)χIV-nV = PL *jirχIona).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *t-ōχ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat, hit

Chechen: tōχ-

Ingush: toχ-

Batsbi: toχ-

Comments: The stem *t-ōχ- is terminative; the durative counterpart *t-ē-b-χ- is preserved in Bacb. tepχ-. An old Ablaut stem *-ārχ- with another preverb (*d-) is probably reflected in Chech. darχ-ō 'wounded (person)' (the semantic correlation 'to hit' - 'to wound' is quite usual in NC languages).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=uχ- ( ~ -q-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to beat, hit

Avar: =uχ-

Lak etymology :

Lak root: χ:Ia

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to break, burst

Lak form: χ:aI =uk:a-n

Comments: Cf. Khosr. χ:Ia =uk:a-n id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔirχI-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to throw

Chiragh: irχI-

Comments: With Ablaut cf. also Chir. s-āχI- / s-ārχI- 'to winnow'. An old derivate (suggesting the original meaning 'hit, wound') is PD *χIa-na 'scar' > Ak. ħaIna.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *p(ǝ)χIa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to throw oneself upon, grab quickly

Adyghe: pχʷa-n

Kabardian: pχʷa-n

Ubykh: pχIa-

Comments: PAK *pχʷa- (with secondary assimilative labialisation); Ub. sǝ-ʁā́-pχIa-n "je me jette sur lui". See Shagirov 2, 25.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HīrχA

Meaning: to beat

North Caucasian: *HīrχA

Basque: *erho

Comments and references : BCD 36.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *erho

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to kill 2 killer

Bizkaian: (arc) ero 1, eralle 2

Zuberoan: érho 1, erhaile 2

Comments: This is an archaic Bsq word for 'kill', now mostly displaced by *hil (q.v.); cf. PNC *HīrχA 'to beat, hit, throw'. The word for 'killer' is from *erhai-le, with the common agent suffix *-le (q.v.).

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